How India Lost Its Naval Dominance & Why It Matters Today

印度如何丧失海上霸权的，以及为何这一问题在如今至关重要

In this talk Sanjeev Sanyal traces ancient India's maritime dominance from Harappan ports to Chola naval expeditions, explaining how bureaucratic neglect led to current vulnerabilities where 95% of trade depends on foreign ship. He outlines government revival plans to become the world's third-largest shipbuilding power while revealing the forgotten 1946 Royal Indian Navy mutiny that forced British withdrawal. Essential viewing for understanding India's geostrategic challenges and maritime heritage.

桑吉夫・萨尼亚尔追溯古印度的海上霸权 —— 从哈拉帕港口到朱罗王朝的海军远征。目前印度 95% 的贸易依赖外国航运。桑吉夫・萨尼亚尔既概述了印度政府为成为全球第三大造船强国制定的复兴计划，也揭露了一段被遗忘的历史 ——1946年印度皇家海军兵变，这场兵变迫使英国撤军。

【注：桑吉夫・萨尼亚尔是印度顶尖经济学家、历史学家，同时担任印度总理经济顾问委员会成员。他曾获罗德奖学金，还曾担任德意志银行全球策略师，目前负责参与制定印度经济政策及推动全球金融合作事务。2010 年，他被世界经济论坛评为 “全球青年领袖”。此外，他还是知名环保人士及城市理论家，曾担任牛津大学访问学者、新加坡政策研究所客座研究员，以及世界自然基金会高级研究员。作为一位造诣深厚的作家，他著有多部广受好评的作品】

以下是印度网友的评论：

RaghavanAd2x
What a shame? It is 80 years post 1947, yet real heroes of freedom fight are un sung and un heard of.

多丢人啊！1947年都过去80年了，可那些真正为自由斗争的英雄，还是没人歌颂、没人知道。

sdbaral7721
It is deplorable a fact...bjp govt busy in truptikaran..

真让人痛心，印度人民党政府正忙着搞“造神宣传”呢。

rkatruthalwayswins5127
India is the ONLY large post colonial country that is still colonized & enslaved as elements of foreign, invading ideologies that killed, enslaved, looted & raped us still have a lot of power!

印度是唯一一个仍被殖民、被奴役的大型后殖民国家！那些外来入侵意识形态的势力，当年杀害、奴役、掠夺、蹂躏我们，如今依旧手握大权。

kumar.193
If India needs Naval Dominance, Navy HQ should be in Chennai and retrive the Chola Navy. There is no point of HQ in Delhi that historically has nothing to do with Navy be it Mugals, Guptas, Mauryas.

印度要是想掌握海上主导权，海军总部就该设在金奈，还要重振朱罗王朝的海军雄风。把总部放德里根本没意义——不管是莫卧儿王朝、笈多王朝还是孔雀王朝，德里在历史上就和海军不沾边。

kraut1982
I don’t know if Mr. Sanjeev will read this but if can bring this info to others I will be glad the Arabian Sea till Maratha time was called Sindhu Samudra, as seen on inscription on Arnala fort that the Maratha conquered and restored. I have read a few of his books but did not find this mentioned in it. Hope organizers are able to convey this request. He definitely has resources to verify this info.

我不知道桑吉夫先生会不会看到这条，但要是有人能把这个信息转达给他，我会很感激——直到马拉塔时期，阿拉伯海都被叫做“信度海”（Sindhu Samudra），这一点能在马拉塔人攻占并修复的阿纳拉堡铭文上看到。我读过他几本书，没发现里面提过这个。希望主办方能把这个请求转给他，他肯定有资源核实这条信息。

CL1FFHANGER_2025
Sanjeev Sanyal descends from a lineage involved in India's independence movement; his granduncle, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was a revolutionary leader and mentor to figures like Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad.

桑吉夫·萨尼亚尔的家族世代参与印度独立运动，他的叔祖父萨钦德拉·纳特·萨尼亚尔是革命领袖，还是 Bhagat Singh（巴加特·辛格）、Chandrashekhar Azad（钱德拉谢卡尔·阿扎德）等人物的导师。

Nyxx6z
Sanjeev Sanyal is brilliant as always, glad Gov Ind is looking to expansion of marimtime.

桑吉夫·萨尼亚尔还是一如既往地厉害，很高兴印度政府在考虑发展海洋事业。

shivm5m3b
Our Navy was slee tight during op sindoor u r right

你说得对，在“辛杜尔行动”期间，我们的海军完全在袖手旁观。

vijayaraghavang2979
Chola kings of 11th century conquered over southeast Asian kingdoms using a Naval force which was quite advanced for its times.

11世纪的朱罗王朝国王，凭借一支在当时极为先进的海军，我们征服了东南亚多个王国。

donkeykong516
India wasn’t a nation before the British and never had much of navy beyond fishing boats

英国到来之前，印度根本不是一个国家，也从来没有过像样的海军——顶多只有渔船。

swapnaneeldas3227
Fishing boats defeated Dutch,conquered sri Lanka & southeast Asia

当年就是渔船打败了荷兰人，征服了斯里兰卡和东南亚。

NikhileshSurve
India should be encouraging the coastal communities to join the Naval Force.

印度应该鼓励沿海居民加入海军。

enjoyparents
absolutely you have opened our eyes to REAL LIFE HISTORY UNBIASED

太感谢了，你让我们看到了真实、客观的历史，打开了我们的眼界。

SuperSoliton
India has the "potential" as always. Jih Hind!

印度还是一如既往地只有“潜力”。印度必胜！

XMGz6p
Indian Naval Supremacy? Where? In the Ganges? Okay. Anywhere else? Dreaming or hallucinating!

印度海上霸权？在哪儿呢？在恒河里吗？行吧。别的地方有吗？你是在做梦还是产生幻觉了！

sridharansrinivasan9394
The Niccobar island was called Akshya munai and it was a good army base.Sanjeevji you spoke about Chola.We are happy. The Cholas had ambassadors in China also looking after the tamil traders interest.During British time one Maratha Army commander called Kanhoji Angre who was a terror to British.

尼科巴群岛过去叫“Akshya munai”（意为“永不干涸的码头”），曾是个很好的军事基地。桑吉夫先生，您提到了朱罗王朝，我们很高兴。朱罗王朝当时在中国也设有使节，负责维护泰米尔商人的利益。英国殖民时期，有个叫坎霍吉·安格雷的马拉塔军队指挥官，是英国人的克星。

shripadkulkarni8036
Very important description of our recent history. How the things changed abruptly in a span of two to three years 1945 to 1948

对我们近代历史的解读太重要了。1945到1948这两三年间，局势怎么会突变呢。

AjitJoshi686
My late father and mother were in Girgaon and they used to tell about the 1946 navy struggle. We were told in history books there was some accident in the docks and whole Mumbai had vibrations.

我已故的父母当时住在吉尔冈，他们以前常说起1946年的海军抗争。可历史课本里告诉我们的是，当时码头发生了一起事故，整个孟买都有震动。

SanjayGuptant9vn
Let's build ships in India

我们在印度本土造军舰吧。

adnyat
Ship building is a long process. I hope govt also ties up with institutes and manufacturers to start various educational and training courses. Within 34 years we can have trained people for such jobs.

造船是个漫长的过程。希望政府也能和院校、制造商合作，开设各类教育和培训课程。三四年内，我们就能培养出胜任这类工作的专业人才。

kumar.193
If India needs Naval Dominance, Navy HQ should be in Chennai and retrive the Chola Navy. There is no point of HQ in Delhi that historically has nothing to do with Navy be it Mugals, Guptas, Mauryas.

印度要是想掌握海上主导权，海军总部就该设在金奈，还要重振朱罗王朝的海军雄风。把总部放德里根本没意义——不管是莫卧儿王朝、笈多王朝还是孔雀王朝，德里在历史上就和海军不沾边。

hapomeindoin
Sir best thing to do is making ITI in shipbuilding, ITI is not like IIT and other institute they teach the skill of building a thing in ITI. Please instead of teaching all the basic principles formulas, etc like IIT we should make skillee labour through ITI Indian Institute of technology.

先生，最好的办法是创办造船类的工业培训学院。工业培训学院和印度理工学院这类院校不一样，它们专门教实际制造技能。别像印度理工学院那样，只教基础理论和公式，我们应该通过工业培训学院培养熟练技术工人。

jaichind
In 1022 a new Sung emperor aged 12 took the throne. Most of Sung energy over the next 10 year were mostly about the new emperor mother working to ensure that her son's powers are not usurped but the Sung bureaucracy ergo when 10251026 conflict came around the Sung was too deep into its internal issues to do anything. Also around 1023 the Sung was going through some monetary reform which also made them turn inward. By the 1030s this had changed and the Sung turned outward again.

1022年，宋朝一位12岁的新皇帝登基。之后十年，宋朝的主要精力都放在新皇帝的母亲身上——她要确保儿子的权力不被篡夺，而宋朝的官僚体系也因此陷入内耗。所以到1025和1026年冲突爆发时，宋朝深陷内部问题，根本无力应对。另外，1023年前后宋朝正在进行货币改革，这也让他们更倾向于专注内部事务。到11世纪30年代，情况才有所改变，宋朝重新转向对外发展。

arnavneema
The glorification of Gandhi in Indian history, supress the account of countribution of all such freedom fighters and revolutionary who truly wanted to get Indian free from Britishers, Gandhi and late congress under him seems much of a curse than boon for Indian freedom and its position in current time

印度历史上对甘地的美化，掩盖了那些真正想让印度摆脱英国殖民、争取自由的斗士和革命者的贡献。对印度的独立以及如今的地位而言，甘地和他领导的后期国大党，与其说是福祉，不如说是灾祸。

hookeekeng
Knowledge of Chinese History Impressive

桑吉夫·萨尼亚尔对中国历史的了解真令人惊叹。

bharathj1991
Pandya Kingdoms had trade with the Greeks and Egyptians. They were rivals of Cholas as well.

潘迪亚王朝当时和希腊、埃及都有贸易往来，同时也是朱罗王朝的竞争对手。

SunilGavadett2db
Welding Engineering and Metallurgy is an important role for Building Ships and Submarine. Naval Architecture, Marine Surveyor and Industrial Field Inspection Surveyor play impo role

焊接工程和冶金学对建造船舶和潜艇至关重要。船舶工程、海洋检验师以及工业现场检验师，也都发挥着重要作用。

umeshbhilare4837
Great Initiative Sir. But we need a major reform in our maritime education system. Exsting one is weak, pathetic and mauled with corruption. This is the single most thing holding our maritime sector back.

我们的海洋教育体系需要重大改革。现有的体系薄弱、糟糕，还充斥着腐败，这是阻碍我们海洋领域发展的最大问题。

COSMICTUNECOMM
Entire Marine Engineering based on Kalinga and Vanga Kingdom for the last 2000 years. Anga Vanga Kalinga Suham Pundra Son of King Vali and Sudarshana discendent of Prahalad gifted by Rishi Dirghatamas.

过去2000年里，整个海洋工程学的基础都源自卡林加王朝和文加王朝。安加、文加、卡林加、苏哈姆、蓬德拉（这些地区/王朝），以及伐利王之子、普拉哈拉德的后裔苏达沙那——这一切都是由圣人迪尔加塔玛斯赋予的

bleedingmay
You think that marine engineering as a whole was innovated in India?! Why make such claims it makes you look silly.

你觉得整个海洋工程学都是在印度发明的？！为什么要做这种断言，这只会让你看起来很荒唐。

RAKBAKX
Looters Britain destroyed it

掠夺者英国把这一切都毁了。

onidoremc9490
U can't blame the british becuase ur ancestors worked with them in their posts as servants... U r equally responsible

你不能怪英国人，你祖先当年就给他们当差、做仆人，你也一样有责任。

kumar.193
If India needs Naval Dominance, Navy HQ should be in Chennai and retrive the Chola Navy. There is no point of HQ in Delhi that historically has nothing to do with Navy be it Mugals, Guptas, Mauryas.

印度要是想掌握海上主导权，海军总部就该设在金奈，还要重振朱罗王朝的海军雄风。把总部放德里根本没意义——不管是莫卧儿王朝、笈多王朝还是孔雀王朝，德里在历史上就和海军不沾边。

balasrinivas7517
robots are coming to build ships now. HD Hyundai Tests Out a Humanoid Welding Robot in a Real Shipyard

现在机器人也要来造船了。现代重工已经在造船厂测试了人形焊接机器人。

soothsayer2406
How can you lose Navel Supremacy? If you never had it???? You can't lose something that you never had?

印度怎么可能失去“海上霸权”？要是你从来就没有过呢？！你不可能失去你从未拥有过的东西吧？

yeungtsang8761
India lost the naval dominance? When did India have a dominant Navy? LOL

印度失去了海上主导权？印度什么时候有过强大的海军啊？哈哈。

lawfighter2023
Did we conquer, sri lanka, andamans, maldives malay etc by swimming to those places ? Every heard of cholas?

我们当年征服斯里兰卡、安达曼群岛、马尔代夫、马来半岛这些地方，难道是游过去的吗？你没听过朱罗王朝吗？

benimadhavmohanty7426
Zheng he went round the world, Europe also

郑和曾环游世界，也到过欧洲。

blengi
lol chinese didn't even know the world was a sphere until the european jesuits showed up and told them otherwise

哈哈，在欧洲耶稣会士来告诉中国人之前，中国人都不知道地球是圆的。

kartiksharma7674
then why is India not discouraging the Arctic Sea Route? it will empty out the maritime traffic in the indian ocean where India acts as the hub. Suez canal and Malacca straits will no longer hold geopolitical relevance. the countries in the world will truly be divided into global north and global south!

那印度为什么不反对北极航线呢？这条航线会分流印度洋的海上交通——而印度现在是印度洋的枢纽啊。到时候苏伊士运河和马六甲海峡就不再具有地缘政治重要性了，世界各国真的会被分成全球北方和全球南方两大阵营！

SolutionsDevelopers101
Like ultimate energy of power help rulers on surface of Earth, power of kinds of weaponry on sea water is required to be supportive materials. It may be a concealed thought but can't be ignored. The power of concealed thoughts may be like power of sea water of unknown depth.

就像最强大的力量能帮助陆地上的统治者一样，海上也需要各类武器力量作为支撑。这可能是个不为人知的想法，但绝不能忽视。这种潜藏的想法所蕴含的力量，或许就像深海海水那样，深不可测。

omprakashpandey3904
Unfortunately Angkor wat temple knows as Buddhist temple rather than hindi temple and Cambodia, Thailand and North Korea claim their right on this

遗憾的是，吴哥窟被认为是佛教寺庙，而不是印度教寺庙，而且柬埔寨、泰国和朝鲜还都声称对它拥有主权。

banshong3997
India God News. You never lost any Naval superiority one cannot lose anything you never have in the first place

根本就没失去过什么海上优势，毕竟，人不可能失去自己一开始就没有的东西。

soothsayer2406
Did India ever had a navy that amounted to anything substantial?

印度到底有没有过一支像样的、有实际实力的海军啊？

vijayaraghavang2979
Read history pl. The chola kings invaded south east Asia in 10th/11th century AD and spread Hinduism there as well as setting up trade routes. Temples like Angor Wat were influenced by the Chola temple architecture. Indonesia too followed Hinduism till forcible conversion to Islam with the exception of Bali. Chola kings also won parts of Sri Lanka.

拜托你读读历史吧。公元10至11世纪，朱罗王朝的国王入侵了东南亚，在当地传播印度教，还开辟了贸易路线。像吴哥窟这样的寺庙，就受到了朱罗王朝寺庙建筑风格的影响。印度尼西亚在被迫改信伊 斯兰教之前，也一直信奉印度教，只有巴厘岛例外。朱罗王朝的国王还征服了斯里兰卡的部分地区。

bleedingmay
I am an Indonesian Christian. I am interested in sources regarding forced conversion in Indonesia but have not been able to find. Can you recommend books regarding this?

我是印度尼西亚基督徒。我对印度尼西亚“被迫改信宗教”的相关资料很感兴趣，但一直没找到。你能推荐些相关书籍吗？

arnavneema
This story should be told to everyone that how India was just 1 step behind from getting a freedom with land border exceding from egypt to vietnam, but Congess and Gandhi made all such events to shadows

应该把这个真相告诉所有人：印度当年离独立只有一步之遥，而且独立后的领土边界本可以从埃及延伸到越南。可国大党和甘地却把这些史实都掩盖了。

suvabhattacharyya7991
The role.of Mahatma.Gandhi and then congress leaders during revolt of Indian Navy may be ventilaed.The.British Ruler was assited by then Indian leaders to mitigate that.revolt mainly for getting power from the.British.and to give them honourable.ext.Our Modern History is mainly the.British version of History.What the Britishers wnted us to know.Thanks

圣雄甘地以及当时国大党领导人在印度海军起义中的角色，应该被揭露出来。当时的印度领导人帮助英国统治者平息了那场起义，主要是为了从英国人手里夺权，还让英国人“体面地”撤离。我们的近代史主要是英国人写的版本，只告诉我们英国人想让我们知道的东西。谢谢桑吉夫·萨尼亚尔揭露真相。

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