ROCKET ENGINES OF THE WORLD Russia vs USA vs China vs India | Four Nations, Four Engineering Philosophies

世界火箭发动机大对比：俄罗斯、美国、中国、印度四国火箭发动机的对比！四个国家，四种工程思路

What happens when four of the world’s leading space powers build rocket engines in completely different ways?

From Russia’s powerful RD-171M to America’s advanced Raptor 3, China’s YF-100, and India’s CE-20 cryogenic engine — this visual comparison explores the engineering philosophies, propulsion cycles, turbopumps, combustion chambers, and nozzle designs behind these remarkable machines.

Russia — Massive thrust & proven engineering
USA — Reusability & full-flow staged combustion
China — High-performance kerosene propulsion
India — Cryogenic upper-stage technology

Four nations. Four approaches. One goal: reaching space.

Which rocket engine impresses you the most?

全球四大航天强国，用截然不同的方式研发火箭发动机

从俄罗斯推力强劲的RD-171M，到美国先进的猛禽3号，中国的YF-100，以及印度CE-20低温发动机。四国火箭发动机大对比来了，带你了解这些顶尖设备背后的工程理念、推进循环、涡轮泵、燃烧室和喷管设计。

俄罗斯：大推力，成熟可靠的工程技术

美国：可重复使用，全流量分级燃烧循环

中国：高性能煤油推进系统

印度：低温发动机技术

四个国家，四条技术路线，同一个目标：进军太空。

哪一款火箭发动机最让你印象深刻？

世界火箭发动机大PK —— 俄罗斯、美国、中国、印度等四国火箭发动机的对比，四种工程设计思路

1. 俄罗斯 RD-171M 液体火箭发动机

推力 7600 千牛，全球推力最强的液体火箭发动机。配备 4 个燃烧室、4 个喷管、大型涡轮泵

 

2. 美国 猛禽 3 号（Raptor 3）甲烷可复用发动机

推力 2800 千牛，采用全流量分级燃烧循环，双预燃室，紧凑型涡轮泵，喷管再生冷却。用于 SpaceX 星舰。

 

3. 中国 YF-100 煤油发动机

推力 1199 千牛，轻量化煤油方案，单燃烧室，带涡轮泵，燃料为煤油或液氧。搭载在长征2、3和4 系列火箭。

 

4. 印度 CE-20 低温上面级发动机

推力 200 千牛，全球推力最强的低温上面级发动机。采用液氧液氢低温燃料、燃气发生器循环，效率高，用于印度的GSLV Mk III、LVM3 火箭。

以下是印度网友的评论：

Munna
C20 is a upper stage engine and rest are booster engines, can't compare them in one frame, vikas engine would be an ideal comparison.

印度的C20属于上面级发动机，其余几款都是助推发动机，不能放在同一维度对比。把维卡斯发动机拿来对比才更合适。

（三泰虎网注：印度‌维卡斯发动机‌是印度空间研究组织在法国“维京”发动机基础上仿制并国产化的一款液体火箭发动机。它的推进剂采用偏二甲肼和四氧化二氮，推力仅为760千牛。‌）

 

Detroithuman69
The engines you have mentioned, they are used for different purpose, comparing indian rocket engine here with others won't fit. Upper stage engine have low thrust but high isp.

这些发动机用途不一样，把印度这款发动机和其他几款放一起对比并不合适。上面级发动机推力偏小，但比冲更高。

 

JHONY GUPTA (Jayprakash Gupta)
Other than China all the excellent engines which have multiple uses

除了中国之外，其他国家的发动机都性能出色，并且用途广泛。

 

Jesse Lopez
Lmao this is such a stupid comparison, CE20 uses decades old GG cycle, and has shittier ISP than its counter parts. And the only reason you need such powerful upper stage is that your lower stage lacks the power needed for orbit insertion

哈哈，这个对比很不恰当，太傻了。CE20用的是几十年前的燃气发生器循环，比冲不如同类型产品。之所以需要这么强的上面级，就是因为下面级推力不足，没法把航天器送入预定轨道。

 

DARTH VADER
Comparable engine of isro should be SCE-2000 which is semi cryo 2000kN engine

印度空间研究组织适合拿来对比的应该是SCE-2000，一款推力2000千牛的半低温发动机。

 

Preeti Nair
This is such an interesting infographic!
The Russian one looks massive.

这张图很有意思，信息量丰富！俄罗斯那款发动机看着体型巨大啊。

 

Ashis prasad
If we calculate then our isro rocket engine can uplift into space approx. 16000 to 18000 kg

按估算，印度空间研究组织的这款火箭发动机，能把大约16吨到18吨的载荷送入太空。

 

Insanity
This is an idiotic comparison. Upper stage vs lower stage engines

这个对比完全不合理，你这是拿印度的上面级发动机去对比其他国家的下面级发动机。

 

Sam
Frankly this is Rocket Science for me

坦白说了，对我来说这就是高深的火箭科学。

 

DarkMatter
The 21st century space race is no longer just about the United States and Russia. Today, China and India are emerging as powerful contenders, with ambitious missions that could redefine humanity’s future in space.

21世纪的太空竞赛不再只有美国和俄罗斯。如今中国与印度崛起成为强有力的竞争者，两国雄心勃勃的航天任务，或将重塑人类太空发展的未来。

 

 

murraypearson2359
My partner was totally surprised at China's space accomplishments. "It's pretty much blacked out of the mainstream media." Good thing we have instructors like you! Peace.

我的伴侣对中国航天成就十分惊讶。“主流媒体基本不会报道中国的成就。”很高兴能看到你这样传播正能量的科普博主！

 

chadjensenster
I wish our Chinese brothers and sisters luck. While I hope it's "my team" that wins, seeing any part of humanity reach towards the stars is great.

祝愿中国的兄弟姐妹们一切顺利。虽然我希望我们印度能够领先，但只要人类向着星辰探索，不管是哪个国家取得的成就，都是一件好事。

 

johnomeara7240
Thanks for the history lesson on China's space program, most of this was new to me.

谢谢你科普中国航天发展史，这些内容大部分我都是第一次了解。

 

philiptan2051
The most powerful engine in the world is the China’s new engine YF130 with 5000000 newton thrust. This engine will be a game changer in the aerospace race to planet Mars and beyond.

全球推力最强的发动机是中国新款YF-130发动机，推力500万牛。这款发动机将彻底改变各国航天竞争格局，推动人类登陆火星乃至更远深空探索

 

tedarcher9120
This engine is just a modernised rd-180, it has two nozzles so not really comparable to Raptor or BE4, should be around the same as raptor per nozzle

中国这款发动机只是RD-180的现代化版本，它拥有两个喷管，所以不能直接和猛禽、BE4对比。如果按单个喷管来看，性能大概和猛禽接近。

 

GoranI
The YF-130 might be the most powerful engine in production (the F-1 is the most powerful overall), but given its weight, it's not all that efficient, producing only ~0.77 kN/kg, vs ~1.44 kN/kg for the Raptor 2, or ~1.80 kN/kg for the Merlin D. Hells, even the venerable F-1 manages ~0.81 kN/kg, albeit it's a physically larger engine.
Of course, thrust-to-weight ratio isn't the greatest metric anyway, given how little the engines weigh in comparison to the fuel. Taking thrust-to-cross-section ratio (ie, how much 'real-estate' an engine takes up in comparison to the thrust it provides), the F-1 produces ~630 kN/m^2 (assuming the cross-section is a circle), the Merlin D manages ~1,271 kN/m^2, and the Raptor 2 a whop ~1,733 kN/m^2. I'm not sure where the YF-130 comes in on that, but I very much doubt it can match the Raptor.

YF-130或许是目前量产中推力最大的发动机（历史总推力最强是F-1），但结合自重来看，它的效率并不算高，推重比大约只有0.77千牛每千克。猛禽2号约1.44千牛每千克，梅林D能达到1.80千牛每千克。老牌F-1发动机都有0.81千牛每千克，只是它体积更大。

当然，推重比也不是唯一核心指标，发动机自身重量相比燃料占比很小。我们看推力横截面积比，也就是发动机占用空间和输出推力的比值。F-1大约630千牛每平方米（假设截面为圆形），梅林D约1271千牛每平方米，猛禽2号高达1733千牛每平方米。我不清楚YF-130这项参数是多少，但我认为很难追上猛禽。

 

seongong2423
Awesome China

中国的成就真棒

 

h11p3540
Nice to see Chinese rockets finally advancing from their 1000 year old black powder rockets

很高兴看到中国火箭，终于从千年以前的火药火箭发展到现在的成就。

 

omega1969
The Chinese designed the Tesla's FSD source code and not to mention Tesla, SpaceX, Solar city are all Chinese rebranded technology incase you didn't know.

特斯拉全自动驾驶源代码是中国人设计的。你可能不知道，特斯拉、太空探索技术公司、太阳城，全都是换壳的中国技术。

 

omega1969
Elon is waiting for China to develop their version of hydrogen engine so he can outsource it to US

马斯克正在等中国自研氢发动机，之后他就能把这项技术拿到美国来。

 

IndiaFlagWaver
Rocket Engines Of The World !
4 Nations - 4 Technologies
Russia - USA - China -
Bharat
Credits : Warfront

世界火箭发动机！

俄罗斯 — 美国 — 中国 —印度四国的火箭发动机，四种技术路线

 

Alienx
We atleast need to achieve 1500kn thrust

我们印度至少应当研发出推力1500千牛的火箭发动机啊。