Vietnam’s $67BN Gamble on High-Speed Rail

Vietnam is about to build the largest infrastructure project in its history.

越南豪赌 670 亿美元建设高铁项目

越南即将动工兴建其历史上规模最大的基础设施工程。

越南计划投入670 亿美元建设一条纵贯南北、全长 1541 公里的高铁，连接河内与胡志明市，这笔投资相当于该国GDP 的 17%，是其史上规模最大、造价最高的基建工程，远超英国 HS2 高铁、中国三峡大坝、印尼雅万高铁等巨型项目在各自国家GDP 中的占比。

越南当前经济增速位居亚洲前列，正掀起大规模建设热潮，世界银行也看好其增长前景，但落后的铁路系统已成为经济瓶颈：现有窄轨铁路运行缓慢，南北通行需 30 小时以上，货运占比仅 6%，线路老旧且多为单线，频繁需要维修。这条高铁可将通行时间压缩至 6 小时，打通南北核心经济枢纽，带动乡村发展、促进人员与贸易流通，效仿日本新干线与中国高铁对经济的巨大拉动作用。

以下是各国网友的评论：

chiakigamer7375
50 years ago if someone said Vietnam would success build Bullet Train before US they must be crazy, Go Vietnam! Go!

50年前要是有人说越南会比美国先造出高铁，大家肯定觉得他疯了。越南加油！冲！

Coffeepanda294
Not the first time the US has been beaten by Viet Nam

美国被越南打败，这又不是头一回了。

PapiPonce
@Coffeepanda294 And what happened after 1975? A defeated country placed a sanction on the victor, and we ate sheet. Were you there from 1975-1990? Go ask your parents son. Recently, Trump farted and what did Tô Lâm do? He flew over to smell, and brought one billion dollars to donate. What is the lesson from the victory? You might win the battle, but you cannot win the war. And what is the war? The war of economic.
One short segment in Sài Gòn took many years, and cannot even pay the Japanese for the service. What moron think that this mega project will be finish in one life time? Are you dreaming? Forgot to take your medication? Please go get a check up asap.

1975年之后又发生了什么？战败的美国反而制裁战胜的越南，我们那时候过得苦不堪言。1975到1990年那段日子你经历过吗？小子，去问问你父母吧。最近特朗普随便放句话，苏林就赶紧跑去迎合，还送上十亿美元。这场胜利教会我们什么？你能打赢战场，却未必能打赢经济战。

西贡一段短短的地铁修了好多年，连给日本的工程款都还不清。哪个蠢货会觉得这种超级大工程一辈子就能完工？你在做梦吗？药忘吃了？赶紧去看看病吧。

BoatingNomad
Yes, the country and people of Vietnam are wonderful. They were resilient during the war, and now in peacetime they are always striving tirelessly

越南这个国家和人民都很了不起。战争年代坚韧不屈，和平年代也始终不懈奋斗。

keiming2277
It's like buying a house, as long as you're commited to long time financial support for the project no matter what, you can have it

这就像买房一样，只要坚持长期投入资金，不管多难都能建成。

mckinleyostvig7135
it was pretty clear by 50 years ago already that the oil and steel barons had locked us into cars and gas prices for all eternity

其实50年前就很明显了，石油和钢铁大亨早就把美国绑死在汽车和高油价上了。

Goblingaming45
US never have bullet train dude . Their Lobby again that to protect air travel business

美国压根就没有高铁。都是游说集团在搞鬼，就为了保护航空业的生意。

Cami555555Sheep
They’ve come a long way since the French and Americans tried to destroy them

自从当年法国和美国试图摧毁越南以来，这个国家已经走了很远、变化太大了。

YassuYasen
It's rail way train lol not bullet magnetic train

这就是普通高铁啦，不是磁悬浮列车。

cest_leqant
I wouldn't hold my breath on that. Vietnam gives the USA a run for its money when it comes to poorly executed public transit projects

我可不抱太大指望。说到公共交通项目烂尾，越南可不比美国差。

kershekfamily
Vietnam took about 30 years to build their metro line (single line) in HCMC. This bullet train will be completed in time for flying cars to make it obsolete. Thus far, this project just looks like a corporate boondoggle on an economy that has been fueled entirely by debt growth.

胡志明市一条地铁线越南就修了快30年。等这条高铁建好，恐怕飞行汽车都普及了，高铁直接过时。目前来看，这个项目更像靠债务堆起来的面子工程，纯属浪费钱。

rilke3266
Given that most of the country's population hugs the coastline between Hanoi and HCMC, this would be civilizationally transformative for so many.

越南大部分人口都住在河内到胡志明市的沿海地带，这条高铁对无数人来说会是改变生活的大工程。

cudanmang_theog
You don't why they are along the coast. Justice for indigenous Cham and Khmer people victims of Vietnamese settler colonialism

你根本不懂为什么城市都沿海分布。为遭受越南殖民侵占的占族、高棉族原住民讨回公道。

stanvanillo9831
Vietnam is just a perfect train country. Long and thin, basically all major cities are on a neat line. I haven't even watched the video yet, but that seems like a sound investment :D

越南简直是天生适合修高铁的国家。国土又长又窄，几乎所有大城市都在一条直线上。视频我还没看，但这投资听着就很靠谱。

rey747
Is there were ever a more perfect country for HSR lines with dense density all in a line, it is this one. Chile, sure, but not dense dense other than Santiago

再也找不到比越南更适合修高铁的国家了，人口密集还连成一线。智利倒是地形狭长，但除了圣地亚哥以外人口并不密集。

nickv1212
​​@rey747 but it would boost density massively if they did build one in Chile. People could live much further from where they work, which makes smaller towns more viable.

但智利要是修了高铁，人口聚集度会大幅提升。人们可以住得离工作地点更远，小城镇也能发展起来。

DarioGambino82
Currently watching this on holiday in Vietnam

我正在越南度假，边玩边看这个视频。

johnpannebaker5757
If there's a time for Vietnam to do this, it's now. Not only because it is in a boom period, but because this can help keep Vietnam's boom going.

越南现在建高铁正是最佳时机。不仅因为经济正高速增长，更因为高铁能让这种增长持续下去。

Charlie35Bui
Exactly, and Vietnam goverment is pushing it fast so far.

说得太对了，而且越南政府目前推进得非常快。

aaron1983
This is the correct way of doing this. I wish the Philippines would be more circumspect.

这么做才是正确的思路。真希望菲律宾也能更谨慎务实一点。

wollendoggo2529
I call it investment rather than a gamble.

我不觉得这是赌博，这就是投资。

Dazza8674
Yeah not a gamble at all

没错，根本算不上赌博。

AashayChaukekar
It's actually a one-time investment for the country. With one single line that connects the two major cities that are at the extremes, they would be sorted for more than a century once it is complete.

这其实是国家的一次性投入。一条线路连通南北两大核心城市，建成后能用一百多年。

JuanFernandes-hj6rd
Every investment is kind of a gamble, after all it is a resource you spend to get something in return, with a risk and uncertainty to it.

任何投资本质上都带点赌的性质，毕竟是投入资源换取回报，本身就有风险和不确定性。

DevilDocG
So cool. I’d love to see Vietnam by rail.

太酷了。真的很想坐火车游览越南。

storiwryter2
Punching the air watching this from California

我在加州看着，激动得想挥拳庆祝。

PajoOnk
Best wishes to Vietnamese people from Poland.

来自波兰的祝福，祝越南人民一切顺利。

puppiepoppy
Having spent 25 years living in China and seeing how the HSR can help their economy, I’m sure the Vietnamese will benefit from it, connecting undeveloped regions with more developed cities, connecting people, and boost the tourism industry + pulling relationship within all her neighbors. Already a proven case with their neighbor, China.

我在中国生活了25年，亲眼见证高铁如何拉动经济。我相信越南也会从中受益：连通落后地区与发达城市、促进人员往来、带动旅游业，还能拉近与周边国家的关系。邻国中国已经证明这条路行得通。

YT004
Yk what crazy, our neighbor, Laos, already got their high speed railway funded by Chinese and it's insane well built because it cut right through mountains.

说出来你可能不信，我们的邻国老挝，已经有中国出资援建的高铁了。工程质量绝了，直接穿山而过。

diepieche
It's okay for Vietnam to build HSR. The government used it for the sake of its people economy in the long term.

越南建高铁完全没问题。政府这么做是为了人民，为了长远的经济发展。

skeimii
Vietnamese here, just last year, we merged our provinces from 63 down to 34 (to minimize personnel and focus more on overall developments instead of individuals provinces), right now we have many plans for the future, some already in action like the newly established metro system, laws and restrictions for diesel and gas vehicles in certain areas, slowly replacing gasoline busses with electric

我是越南人。去年我们把63个省合并成34个，精简机构，把精力放在整体发展上，而不是各自为政。现在我们有很多未来规划，有些已经落地，比如新建地铁、部分区域限制燃油车上路、逐步把燃油公交换成电动公交。

jakobraahauge7299
Vietnam appears to be consistently making clever decisions - that is so refreshing!

越南似乎一直在做出明智的决策，这真的让人眼前一亮。

sambean9893
Makes Australia looks like a banana republic.

这么一对比，澳大利亚简直像个治理混乱的小国。

DisasterxUs
Vietnam is going to be a top 15 economy in the next 20 years. This project would greatly accelerate that.

未来20年，越南有望跻身全球前15大经济体。这条高铁会大大加速这一进程。

Weesperbuurt
Some people may infer from your commentary that "Bullet Train" is the English translation of "shinkansen." The literal translation is "new main line."

有些人可能会从视频里误以为“bullet train”是“新干线”的直译。其实新干线字面意思是“新的主干线”。

sunalwaysshinesonTVs
I absolutely love Vietnam! The people are incredibly friendly, optimistic, and inspiring. The country side is equally stunning. Brings me great joy to hear VN is laying down a HSR line. It's obvious to me how it will improve the country, however me personally? Will never use it. It takes me 3 weeks to cover that distance between Hanoi & HCMC by motorcycle, and if anything, my goal is for the trip to take longer.

我太爱越南了！这里的人友好、乐观又振奋人心，乡村风光也绝美。听说越南要建高铁，我特别开心。我很清楚这会让国家变得更好，但我自己绝不会坐高铁。我骑摩托从河内到胡志明市要花三周，我巴不得这段路能更慢一点。

ダンタイントウイ
Vâng..Việt Nam xây Fe tốc độ cao vì muốn phục vụ sự phát triển đất nước..Nhanh Hơn - Thuận Tiện Hơn & Cũng Văn Minh Hơn!!! Hi & to You!!

是的，越南修建高铁，就是为了服务国家发展。更快、更便利，也更文明！你好呀！

quantum1953
If there's a country that needs speed, train is vietnam, it's a long country and not wide perfect.

要说哪个国家最需要高铁，那就是越南。国土狭长、不宽不窄，地形堪称完美。

aoawg
For real that’s far! I biked it, over 7 weeks split between two years. But I believe Vietnam can do it if anyone can, because I can’t believe how fast things change there. I also took the train in some areas, and it was very very scenic.

真的太远了！我骑单车走过这段路，分两年骑了七个多星期。但我相信越南一定能建成高铁，因为那里的发展速度快得惊人。我也坐过当地火车，沿途风景特别美。

cliffgeo
Ngl, our Jakarta to Bandung one should have been extended by now. But iirc, we did build it on a payment plan with China (as we used Chinese technologies for Jakarta's HSR)

说实话，我们印尼雅万高铁早就该延长线路了。而且我没记错的话，我们是用中国技术、跟中国分期合作建的。

giraffestreet
There are a lot more to build than just rail, tunnel, viaduct, and station. New power plant to support the electricity need along the line. Upgrading the seaport to be able to receive the train and other massive construction vehicle. Multiple new factories for steel, concrete, and other building materials. Many many new roads so construction vehicle able to reach the site. New advance early warning system, so the train able to detect natural disaster. New academy and curriculum for training local workers regarding high speed rail technology.

要建的可不只是铁轨、隧道、高架桥和车站。还要新建发电厂满足沿线用电，升级港口方便运输列车和大型工程设备，建多家钢铁、水泥等建材工厂，修大量新路让工程车能抵达工地，搭建先进的自然灾害预警系统保障列车安全，还要开设新院校、制定课程培养本地高铁技术人才。

MrBejkovec
It was pretty much already decided that Vietnam with get a partnership on building and using trains from Siemens.

基本已经定了，越南将和西门子合作，采购并建造高铁列车。

nitropenguin83
I am an overseas Vietnamese who visits often but has never lived in Vietnam, so this may influence my outlook; furthermore I have no expertise on rail, but I would like to share some of my thoughts on the project:
- There is huge demand to travel between cities (Nội Bài in Hanoi and Tân Sơn Nhất in HCMC both operate way over capacity), and any option that isn't air is painfully slow. And while for Hanoi-HCMC flights will definitely be quicker, shorter routes such as HCMC-Nha Trang or Hanoi-Vinh should be able to compete with or even make obsolete their parallel flights. Therefore I think cities in the middle of the route have a lot to gain from HSR. I also think longer routes should at least be able to occupy a decent market share anyway (case in point: Tokyo-Fukuoka).
- I also hope that Vietnam can learn lessons from HSR in other countries as to what to do and what not to do. I would like to place the stations as close to city centres as possible and for every city large enough to have some kind of mass transit system (unfortunately we are terrible at building these too). For example, current plans have the Hanoi HSR station located about 13km south from the current Hanoi station, with transfer to planned metro line 1 necessary to reach the city centre. The new HSR station would also subsume all of Hanoi station's other functions such as handling freight, allowing the current station to close, which is unfortunate since it is in such a good location. Personally, I would open the HSR up to the new southern station, then completely demolish and rebuild Hanoi station with the platforms buried underground and the station facilities located above ground, then extend the HSR in a mixed tunnel and stacked alignment parallel to metro line 1 to the rebuilt Hanoi station. This would be similar to how the Tōhoku Shinkansen was extended to Tokyo from its initial terminus in Ōmiya.
- There is also the debate of the top speed of the line and whether it will be mixed-use passenger and freight or passenger only. I think that while it would be great to have a 350kmh line dedicated solely to passenger trains, the conventional line is in desperate need of replacement and Vietnam absolutely cannot afford to let rail freight go. Therefore I would probably build the line in segments (as currently planned, I'd probably start with HCMC-Nha Trang), start with mixed operation at lower speeds while the parallel conventional line can be rebuilt and upgraded (this would be a convenient time to double, regauge, and electrify the network); once the rebuilt sections are done, they could be used for freight as well as slower regional and commuter services while the high-speed line is brought up to its maxmum design speed. It would be ludicrously expensive and require significant planning and coordination, but I think it'd be worth it
- There are two other "high-speed" projects currently progressing in Vietnam, namely the Hanoi-Hạ Long new line, which would link the capital to Hạ Long, a port city which is also a popular tourist destination, and the Bến Thành-Cần Giờ line, an urban line entirely within HCMC from the central metro interchange Bến Thành to Cần Giờ, a port area with a lot of new development. Personally, I have issues with both of these projects; the former having no integration or coordination with either the current railways running in that direction or any future plans, not really serving any demand in between Hanoi and Hạ Long, and the Hanoi station being located really inconveniently, and the latter having a totally nonsensical 350kmh operational speed that will never be used for a line that should really be a regional metro line resembling Delhi's RRTS or Seoul's GTX, but I think either could prove a valuable testing ground for HSR technology in Vietnam.

我是越侨，经常回越南但从没在那长期生活，所以看法可能有局限。另外我也不是铁路专业人士，但想聊聊对这个项目的想法：

- 越南城际出行需求极大，河内内排机场和胡志明新山一机场都早已超负荷运转。除了飞机，其他交通方式都慢得难受。河内到胡志明的航班肯定更快，但短途线路比如胡志明到芽庄、河内到荣市，高铁完全能和航班竞争，甚至让航班被淘汰。所以线路中段的城市会从高铁中获益巨大。就算是长途线路，高铁也能拿下不小的市场份额，东京到福冈就是例子。

- 我希望越南能借鉴其他国家高铁的经验教训。高铁站应尽量靠近市中心，够规模的城市最好配套公共交通，可惜越南在这方面做得也很差。比如按现有规划，河内高铁站要建在现有车站以南13公里处，必须换乘地铁1号线才能进城。新高铁站还要接管货运等原有功能，导致老站关闭，可老站位置极佳，实在可惜。我个人的方案是：先让高铁接入新南站，再彻底拆除重建河内老站，站台放地下、站房建地上，然后让高铁沿地铁1号线用隧道和高架延伸到重建后的老站。这和日本东北新干线从大宫延伸到东京的思路差不多。

- 还有关于高铁最高时速、是否客货混用的争论。我当然希望能建350公里时速的纯客运专线，但现有普通铁路急需替换，越南也绝不能放弃铁路货运。所以最好分段建设，就按现有规划先修胡志明到芽庄段，初期低速客货混跑，同时升级改造并行的老线，比如复线、改轨距、电气化。等老线改造完成，就可以承担货运和慢车服务，高铁再跑满设计时速。这会非常烧钱，也需要周密规划协调，但我觉得很值得。

- 越南目前还有两个准高铁项目在推进，一个是河内到下龙线，连接首都和著名旅游港口城市下龙；另一个是胡志明市的滨城–芹苴线，从市中心地铁枢纽到新兴港口芹苴。我对这两个项目都有看法：前者和现有铁路及未来规划脱节，沿途客流需求不足，河内站点位置也很不方便；后者明明应该是市域快轨，却定了不切实际的350公里时速，根本用不上。不过这两条线都可以成为越南高铁技术的宝贵试验场。

继续阅读：高铁   越南

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