价值4亿美元的光刻机，莫迪与荷兰总理亲自会面，敲定塔塔电子与阿斯麦的合作

Why Everyone Wants This $400 Million Dollar Machine | The Blueprint

为何大家都对价值4亿美元的光刻机趋之若鹜

Why is a single Dutch company worth more than the GDP of entire nations to the tech world? And why did the Prime Ministers of India and the Netherlands personally meet to oversee a partnership between Tata Electronics and ASML?

From Apple and Nvidia to TSMC, the entire global tech structure collapses without them. We dive deep into the mindbending physics of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. More importantly, we decode The Blueprint behind India’s massive 11billiondollar semiconductor factory in Dholera, Gujarat. As the tech cold war between the US and China intensifies, find out how Tata’s alliance with ASML secures India's path to true technological sovereignty.

为何在全球科技领域，这家荷兰企业的价值赶超多个国家全年国内生产总值？印度与荷兰两国总理亲自会面，敲定塔塔电子与阿斯麦的合作项目

从苹果、英伟达到台积电，全球整个科技产业链离开它便会彻底停摆。极紫外（EUV）光刻技术背后颠覆认知的物理原理，更关键的是，印度古吉拉特邦多赫拉这座耗资110亿美元巨型半导体工厂的完整布局规划。在中美科技博弈持续升级的当下，一同了解塔塔与阿斯麦的合作联盟，如何为印度铺就真正实现技术自主的发展道路。

以下是印度网友的评论：

jtmpt6r5z
We need more semiconductor chip fab units to make advanced chips and gpu.

我们需要更多的半导体芯片制造厂，来生产先进芯片和GPU。

TheDibadendBelievers
Hats off to the Netherlands. Here is a small country that makes a machine that no other can make.

向荷兰致敬。这么小的一个国家，却能造出别人都造不出来的机器。

ajohal5471
Netherlands is also a very rich country. Our so called IT industry does fukkk all except pick low hanging fruit.

荷兰也是个非常富有的国家。我们那所谓的IT行业，除了捡些容易做的项目，别的什么正事都没干。

vision9275
In reality, ASML takes the credit for the work of others; this stems from ASML's reliance on cooperation with countries such as China, the US, and Germany for the production of EUV and DUV lithography machines. In essence, ASML assembles lithography machines using software and hardware components and parts developed abroad.

实际上，ASML是拿别人的成果来给自己贴金。因为ASML生产EUV和DUV光刻机，要靠中国、美国、德国这些国家合作才行。说白了，ASML就是用国外开发的软硬件零件，把光刻机组装起来。

Dependence on China: China's export controls on rare earth metals affect not only materials used globally in chips but also ASML's lithography machines. ASML's advanced lithography machines, which manufacture the world's most cuttingedge semiconductors, rely on permanent magnet motors that depend on materials like dysprosium and terbium. So, no rareearth minerals or magnets—meaning no ASML lithography machines, and not even any TSMC highend chips. The wafer stages in ASML's machines must position silicon wafers with nanometerlevel accuracy. Rare earth magnets help reduce friction and dampen vibrations, ensuring the stage does not drift. Critical system parts, particularly lasers and optical systems, use elements sourced from rare earth minerals to maintain operational stability. Because China processes the vast majority (over 90%) of the world's rare earths and corresponding magnets, ASML has faced direct exposure to geopolitical and supply chain risks. China's enactment of strict export controls on rare earths has forced ASML to navigate strict licensing regulations for equipment ship globally.

对中国的依赖：中国对稀土金属的出口管制，不仅影响全球芯片用的材料，也影响ASML的光刻机。ASML的先进光刻机用来制造全球最顶尖的半导体，这些机器依赖永磁电机，而电机需要镝、铽这类材料。所以，没有稀土矿物或稀土磁铁，就没有ASML光刻机，连台积电的高端芯片也别想造。

ASML机器里的晶圆台，要以纳米级精度定位硅晶圆。稀土磁铁能减少摩擦、抑制震动，确保晶圆台不跑偏。

关键系统部件，尤其是激光和光学系统，用的元素也来自稀土矿物，用来保持运行稳定。

因为中国加工了全球超过90%的稀土和相应的磁铁，ASML直接面临地缘政治和供应链风险。中国出台严格的稀土出口管制后，ASML向全球运设备都得通过复杂的许可规定。

Dependence on USA: ASML's lithography machines are deeply dependent on the U.S., making the Netherlandsbased giant a critical chokepoint in global semiconductor manufacturing. This interdependence exsts across intellectual property, supply chain components, extraterritorial legal frameworks, and research origins. Because an estimated 10% to 15% of the technology, intellectual property, and components inside ASML's machines originate from the U.S., ASML is subject to American export controls. Under the U.S. Foreign Direct Product Rule (FDPR), Washington holds legal authority to control where ASML can export its equipment. This has historically resulted in the U.S. directly lobbying the Dutch government to block sales of advanced EUV and DUV systems to geopolitical rivals like China.

对美国的依赖：ASML的光刻机高度依赖美国，这让这家荷兰巨头成了全球半导体制造中的一个关键关卡。这种依赖体现在知识产权、供应链零件、境外法律框架和研究源头等各个方面。

因为ASML机器里大约10%到15%的技术、知识产权和零件来自美国，所以ASML要受美国出口管制。根据美国的外国直接产品规则（FDPR），美国政府有权控制ASML把设备卖到哪儿去。历史上，美国就曾直接游说荷兰政府，阻止向中国这样的地缘政治对手出售先进EUV和DUV系统。

SambitKumarJena16
It's a landmark joint venture between Tata electronics & ASML, coming days are going to boom for India in the monopoly global Chip market.

这是塔塔电子和ASML之间里程碑式的合资项目。未来印度在全球垄断性的芯片市场里要大爆发了。

Shamansdurx
IIT Mumbai students are develo something similar but at a fraction of the cost.

孟买印度理工学院的学生正在研发类似的东西，成本只要一小部分。

Devender33
It's a micro fab for students and got those tools from an international student organization mainly based out of USA and Canada. How ever thats a good thing. They are acting as a bridge for other universities or students groups to acquire and use for experimentation (create and test their own designs). This will help build more engineers with realtime chip design and development in India.

这是给学生用的微型晶圆厂，设备来自一个主要在美国和加拿大的国际学生组织。不过这是件好事。他们正在为其他大学或学生团体搭桥，让大家能拿到设备做实验（创建和测试自己的芯片设计）。这有助于印度培养更多能实战芯片设计和开发的工程师。

mythoughtsu2o
It's impossible for today, not because it is hard to develop this machine but to develop the supply ecosystem around it. The material supply require to commercial production of this machines after cracking it's manufacturing is lot harder than devlo this machine alone. You can say only ASML has complet monopoly in it.

目前来说这不可能。不是因为研发这台机器本身难，而是难在建立它周围的供应生态系统。就算破解了制造方法，要商业化生产这台机器所需的材料供应，比单独研发这台机器要难得多。可以说只有ASML在这方面拥有完全的垄断。

InfiniteAITracks
Only in name our government will do athmendra baratham not in the work

我们政府只是嘴上说“自力更生”，实际行动上根本不是这么回事。

EshaanSaboo
@InfiniteAITracks government fund nahin kar rahi hai IIT Bombay Ne fund Kiya Hai hamesha government to sirf Paisa deti Hai fund to ine sare colleges ko aur universities ko karna karta hai jo ki yah karte nahin Hai

政府没有出钱，是孟买IIT自己出的钱。政府从来只是给钱，真正出资支持这些学院和大学是该他们自己做的事，但他们没做。

thebeautifulanimal
Yes, but ASML machines are on a whole different level.

是的，但ASML的机器完全是另一个级别的。

PandaHorrorStudio4391
We need to make this machine

我们必须自己造出这台机器。

pushparamakrishnan4985
Very exciting for both countries

对两国来说都是非常令人兴奋的事。

highthors74
Very good

非常好。

vrkrishnach0205
ASML might have agreed for UV or earlier tech but not for euv.

ASML可能同意了提供UV或更早的技术，但不会给EUV。

vision9275
Ultimately, the US will lobby (or coerce) the Dutch government directly to block the sale of advanced EUV and DUV systems to India—a geopolitical rival—just as it is currently doing with China. The US holds the power, as an estimated 10% to 15% of the technology, intellectual property, and components inside ASML's machines originate from the U.S., ASML is subject to American export controls. Under the U.S. Foreign Direct Product Rule (FDPR), Washington holds legal authority to control where ASML can export its equipment. This has historically resulted in the U.S. directly lobbying the Dutch government to block sales of advanced EUV and DUV systems to geopolitical rivals like China.

最终，美国会像现在对付中国一样，直接游说（或胁迫）荷兰政府，阻止向印度这个地缘政治对手出售先进EUV和DUV系统。美国有这个权力，因为ASML机器里大约10%到15%的技术、知识产权和零件来自美国，所以ASML要受美国出口管制。根据美国的外国直接产品规则（FDPR），美国政府有权控制ASML把设备卖到哪儿去。历史上美国就是这么直接游说荷兰政府，阻止向中国这样的对手出售先进EUV和DUV系统的。

ajayvidyarthi8380
I appreciate it.

我很赞赏。

shrikrishnagandhe7455
Good development

好的进展。

zebrat6c
Everything gujarat.

什么都往古吉拉特邦靠

harshms716
India needs to work on low nm chips but this this investment could give us a good start

印度需要在低纳米芯片上发力，但这笔投资能给我们一个好的开始。

binayakbanerjee4238
Better develop ourselves even if doesn't support highend semiconductor fabrication will be worth the money and effort.

最好还是自己研发，就算不涉及高端半导体制造，这笔钱和精力也花得值。

ikegaimusic222
how he do it ??? go there sake hands and deal done ? how he do that ?

他怎么做到的？过去握个手就谈成了？他怎么做到的？

prasadthangavel8303
Still ASML monopoly the lithography tech. we need our own semi conductor technology and there is huge technology gap in india. India should prioritize building more domestic capability in lithography equipment.

光刻技术仍然是ASML垄断。我们需要自己的半导体技术，而印度在这方面技术差距巨大。印度应该优先加强国内光刻设备的研发能力。

hhhj3z2v
Even they don't have complete autonomy on this machine

就连他们（ASML）自己在这台机器上都没有完全的自主权。

VijaySharmat9k
Not adopting to the culuture of R&D in our own country , we have to beg other countries to give us machines and become a dependent , later when the parts wii break down & they refuse to give , our factories will shut down

我们国家不养成研发的文化，就得去求别的国家给我们机器，变成依赖别人的附庸。将来零件坏了，他们不给了，我们的工厂就得关门。

ullaskamath774
We were after garibhi Hatao, sickularism, caste survey , kick backs and now guarrantee free bees, and salary with less work...Our meritorious brilliant minds served Whites on R&D....We want looters as leaders.Introspect post Independant 6 decades.

我们一直在搞“消除贫困”、世俗主义、种姓调查、吃回扣，现在又搞免费福利、少干活多拿钱……我们那些优秀聪明的人才都在帮白人搞研发……我们选出来的领导都是些贪得无厌的人。独立六十多年了，该反省反省了。

chaksh
Tata cant make bus . They will make chips? ASML won't trust a Tata airline to transport it. At best , they will be a rental landlord of the production site

塔塔连公交车都造不好，还能造芯片？ASML连塔塔的航空公司运设备都不放心。顶多也就是当个出租厂房的包租公。

hiraktalukdar7540
US will screw all plans

美国会把所有计划都搅黄的。

Rlife7
सबसे पहले बिहार के सिलेक्ट मुख्यमंत्री को बदलो

首先要把比哈尔邦那个被选中的首席部长换掉。

zenden9
Another BS content. India shall start with basic like DUV and working on mature nodes. These are the chips that the world most uses. Just another foolish attempt by India, just like try to leapfrog manufacturing industry and try push India into service sector which is nothing but disaster for India

又是一堆胡说八道。印度应该从DUV这类基础的开始，专注成熟制程。这些才是全世界用得最多的芯片。印度又是这种愚蠢的尝试，就像之前试图跳过制造业、硬推服务业一样，对印度来说就是场灾难。

ajohal5471
Well done TATA. You have recognised you need help and have found it.

干得好，塔塔。你们认清了自己需要帮助，并且找到了帮助。