尼泊尔人如何看待中国和印度

What do Nepalese think about China and India?

尼泊尔人如何看待中国和印度？

以下是Quora读者的评论：

Robin Kalauni

On China.

Nepal sees china as a law abiding, strict, super developed and clean place.

Nepal has many ornaments, traditions that came from Sichuwan, Yunnan and Northern Burma region. Although historically, Nepalese had been suspicious of TIbetians (During the time of Khosut Khanate and the Lama rule of Tib), Nepalese treated the Yunnanese tribals with dignity and respect. The Tribals who came from Yunnan and northern burma had a mercenary Tussu, Jimee cultures. This culture became pretty popular in Nepal. Also the Saopha system of Yunnan and nothern burma was institutionalized by the Shahas and maybe also the sens. Where non Limbus also got subba status and subba title became a title of Nepalese government. So Nepalis see China as an origin place of some of their cultures and traditions.

关于中国

尼泊尔认为中国是一个守法、严谨、高度发达且整洁的地方。

尼泊尔的许多装饰工艺和传统习俗源自中国四川、云南以及缅甸北部地区。尽管在历史上，尼泊尔人曾对藏族心存疑虑（在和硕特汗国及统治时期），但他们始终对云南的少数族群抱有尊重与礼遇。从云南和缅甸北部迁徙而来的少数族群有着雇佣兵“Tussu”“Jimee”文化，这种文化在尼泊尔颇为流行。此外，云南和缅甸北部的“Saopha”（土司）制度被沙阿王朝乃至森王朝正式确立，就连非林布族人也获得了“Subba”（苏巴）的地位，“Subba”这一头衔后来成为尼泊尔政府的官方头衔。因此，尼泊尔人将中国视为自身部分文化和传统的发源地。

On india

With India we share the most similarities that are too many to point out. Despite these similarities there are many people who have bad views of India. But the views of increasingly becoming positive. In the last 10 years, Nepal and India have come closer than ever before. Personally, I view that except for Bihar and neighbouring states, India is also quite clean- especially the northern east and central india.

Both China and India are our good neighbours. Although we had a falling out with India in 2015, things have gotten way better since then. Hopefully, both these countries will come together

关于印度

我们与印度有着太多相似之处，多到难以一一列举。尽管如此，仍有不少人对印度抱有负面看法，但这种看法正越来越多地转向积极。过去10年里，尼泊尔和印度的关系比以往任何时候都更加紧密。就我个人而言，除了比哈尔邦及周边邦之外，印度很多地方也相当整洁——尤其是印度东北部和中部地区。

中国和印度都是我们的好邻居。尽管我们在2015年与印度有过摩擦，但自那以后情况已经大为好转。希望这两个国家能携手合作。

ག་ད་བ་མ་འ།

I’m a Nepalese citizen. I have my opinion on China and India. The government of Nepal has jurisdiction over me, and it has its own opinion. The people of Nepal have a general view on China and India. I’ll try my best to explain the three views.

我是尼泊尔公民。我对中国和印度有自己的看法。尼泊尔政府对我有管辖权，它也有自己的立场。尼泊尔民众对中印有普遍的看法。我会尽力把这三种观点解释清楚。

On China

Neither me, nor the government, nor even the general populace has negative opinion on China. Most people see China as an example to follow. I have a Sherpa friend who has a Tiban wife (she had run away from Tib). He described China as a “strict” country and gave its strictness as the reason why it developed so fast. No one denies that China has progressed astoundingly fast in such a short span of time. Many co unist Nepalese want to follow China's path to modernization. The Nepalese government view seems to be that China has always respected Nepalese internal affairs. All good Nepalese politicians want to become closer to China.

关于中国

无论我、尼泊尔政府，还是普通民众，对中国都没有负面看法。大多数人把中国当作学习的榜样。我有个夏尔巴人朋友，他的妻子是藏族（她从西藏自治区过来的）。他说中国是个“很严格”的国家，还说正是这种严格让中国经济发展得这么快。没人否认中国在这么短的时间里取得了惊人的进步。许多尼泊尔人希望效仿中国的现代化道路。尼泊尔政府似乎认为，中国一直尊重尼泊尔的内政。所有正派的尼泊尔政客都希望与中国走得更近。

On India

I don't really like the Indian government, and neither do the general Nepalese populace. And recently, it seems like the Nepalese government had a falling out with their Indian counterpart. Even though Nepal is itself a poor country, Nepalese people understand that Indians have it worse. The name “India” brings flashes of religious violence, rapes, poverty, dirty smells, and illiteracy, so calling someone “Indian” can be an insult.

That said, Indians bring a lot of money through tourism. Nepal can't also avoid the fact that India corners Nepal from three sides. As far as we can tell, India has an expansionist attitude, having annexed serveral parts of Nepalese sovereignty territory. Since Nepal doesn't have a strong army, kee friendly with India is important. That is not to say that we are afraid of them. We just want to avoid bloodshed if possible.

关于印度

我不太喜欢印度政府，尼泊尔普通民众也一样。最近，尼泊尔政府似乎和印度政府闹了矛盾。尽管尼泊尔本身是个穷国，但尼泊尔人知道印度人的日子更不好过。一提到“印度”，人们就会想到宗教暴力、强奸、贫困、难闻的气味和文盲，所以称呼别人“印度人”可能带有侮辱意味。

话虽如此，印度游客给尼泊尔带来了不少收入。尼泊尔也无法回避一个事实：印度从三个方向包围着尼泊尔。在我们看来，印度有扩张主义倾向，吞并了尼泊尔的部分主权领土。由于尼泊尔没有强大的军队，与印度保持友好很重要。但这并不是说我们怕他们，我们只是希望尽可能避免流血冲突。

Noel Bastola

What do Nepalese people think about China?

Many Nepalese people don’t know much about China as much as they do know about India. Almost all Nepalese can understand Hindi language due to the influence of Indian cinema, similar culture and the open border. However, many Nepalese don’t have slight inclination about China but we all respect and believe that China is a great country and our very close friend who always loves, helps and protects us in time of difficulties or the time, we are needed.

There are not even more than 1000 Nepalese who can speak and write Mandarin fluently not only that Nepalese people have hardly known about the Chinese culture, it’s people, philosophy, literature, religion, politics, system and many other things where as most of us have known about India and it’s language, literature, philosophy, politics, religion, people, system, culture and many other things.

Nepalese are being aware of the fact that China is going to be the most powerful nation in the world within few years as most of the political leaders also have been trying to make a close knot with China and recently most of the schools in Kathmandu also making an effort to introduce Chinese language as a optional subject.

尼泊尔人如何看待中国？

许多尼泊尔人对中国的了解远不如对印度的了解。受印度电影、相似文化和开放边境的影响，几乎所有尼泊尔人都能听懂印地语。不过，很多尼泊尔人对中国不大了解，但我们都尊重并认为中国是一个伟大的国家，是我们非常亲密的朋友，在我们遇到困难或需要帮助时，总会关爱、帮助并保护我们。

能流利说写普通话的尼泊尔人甚至不超过1000人，不仅如此，尼泊尔人几乎不了解中国文化、中国人、中国哲学、文学、宗教、政治、制度等诸多方面，而我们大多数人都了解印度及其语言、文学、哲学、政治、宗教、人民、制度、文化等很多事物。

尼泊尔人逐渐意识到，中国将在几年内成为世界上最强大的国家，大多数政治领导人也一直努力与中国建立密切联系，最近加德满都的大多数学校也在努力将汉语列为选修课程。

Nepalese people also believe that China is a friend who never interfere in our personal matter where as India always interfere in our privacy but I don’t know what is the truth but when I have travelled both countries, I feel like to visit them again and again.

We, all know that it is a human psychology as we are always drawn or attracted to the strangers rather than to our friends because we are curious as a cat. Many Nepalese people don’t know much about China because less than one percent Nepalese have visited China and we have not any Chinese media sources to learn about it, where as more than 50 percent Nepalese have visited India and we are very familiar with Indian media. And if any Nepalese claims that he knows China as a Chinese people then I am sure he doesn’t even know himself.

To make it summing up, Nepalese people have high regard for China and its people and have great expectation from this developed nations after we have faced the three blockade from India.

尼泊尔人还认为，中国是朋友，从不干涉我们内部事务，而印度总是干涉我们的内政——但我不知道事实是否如此，不过当我去过这两个国家后，我都想一次又一次地再去。

我们都知道，这是一种人类心理：我们总是更容易被陌生人吸引，而不是身边的朋友，因为我们像猫一样充满好奇心。许多尼泊尔人不了解中国，是因为去过中国的尼泊尔人不到1%，而且我们没有任何中文媒体渠道去了解中国；相比之下，超过50%的尼泊尔人去过印度，我们对印度媒体也非常熟悉。如果有尼泊尔人声称自己像中国人一样了解中国，那我敢肯定，他连自己都不了解。

总而言之，在经历了印度的三次封锁后，尼泊尔人对中国及其人民怀有高度敬意，对这个发达国家抱有很大期望。

My Chinese friend always talks about survival of the fittest and to talk with him, I use WeChat, email or phone. As a world traveler and climber, he often asks me which country is better for business and seldom asks about mountains.

我的中国朋友总聊 “适者生存”，和他联系时，我会用微信、邮件或电话。他是个环球旅行家和登山爱好者，却经常问我哪个国家适合做生意，很少问关于山脉的事。

My Indian friend talks about survival of the exstence and to talk with him, I use WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Quora, email and phone. As a world traveler, he asks me which country is best for living and moving and very often asks me about Everest.

我的印度朋友聊的是 “生存本身”，和他联系要用 WhatsApp、脸书、Instagram、推特、Quora、邮件还有电话。他也是环球旅行者，会问我哪个国家最适合居住和移居，还总问我关于珠峰的事。

My Chinese friends talk about to unity of the world and praise about their country, goal, vision, business and success.

我的中国朋友们会聊世界的团结，还会称赞自己的国家、目标、愿景、事业和成就。

My Indian friends talk about to unity of the India and always talk about their struggle, hope, dream and betterment of life.

(But I don’t know when I can introduce my Chinese and Indian friends together because I have a dream to unite them though I have invited them many times but they have not come to visit me because they said that they are so busy and always ask me to visit them).

Conclusion - As far as concerned about my opinion towards China after my many visit to this great country, I can’t even say a word because I really don’t understand less than few words like NI HAO and EE. My every visit to China has surprised me to think that how it could be possible not only that it’s vast infrastructure, philosophy, foods, transportation, rapid change, people, politics, system, and many other things have made me to ponder that If I were Prime Minister of Nepal my first effort or dream would be to open the Nepal-China border and deepen the friendship with India. Thank you for reading and thank you Y.Kwok to ask me this beautiful question.

我的印度朋友们会聊印度的团结，总是说起他们的奋斗、希望、梦想和生活的改善。

（但我不知道什么时候才能把我的中国朋友和印度朋友介绍认识，虽然我一直有个让他们成为朋友的梦想。我邀请过他们很多次，但他们都没来找我，说自己太忙了，还总让我去找他们。）

结论，多次造访中国这个伟大的国家后，要说我对中国的看法，我其实一句话也说不上来，因为我对中文的了解不超过几个词，比如 “你好” 和 “谢谢”。每次去中国，我都很惊讶：这怎么可能？不仅是它庞大的基础设施、哲学思想、美食、发达的交通、飞速的变化、友好的人民、政治、制度，还有很多其他事物，都让我忍不住想：如果我是尼泊尔总理，我的首要努力或梦想就是开放尼中边境，同时深化与印度的友谊。

Ramesh Yadav

Why do Nepalese hate India?

There are some genuine reasons. But there are also some hidden reasons that no one wants to talk About.

The man reason that Nepalis hate Indians is because of Sikkim. The State of Sikkim produces a lot of anti indian literature and send it to Nepal. In Nepal Indians are called Dhotis. The word dhoti was coined by the Limbu tribe of sikkim to bengali and Marwari. However, now, that word spread to Nepal and it is a brutal, humiliating word to Indians. Historically, Nepal was always close to India. The Unifier of Nepal, Prithivi Narayan Shah was a Rajput. His ancestors migrated to Nepal from Rajasthan in the 1400s. The Shahas married Indian royalty. Also, the Shahas adopted the tradition of the Nepali khas tribe and respected the India and Indians. Prithivi Narayan Shah went out of his way sending letters to different indian princely states asking them to fight against the British.

The Hatred against Indians was started by Limbus. The Limbus and the Rais were descandants of a mix of Yi and Hmong tribe of China. Although, the Nepalese tried to integrate them into the south asian fold by offering them to adopt kirat identity (of Bhil), these people still hated brown race and south asian culture.

为什么尼泊尔人憎恨印度？

这其中有一些真实原因，但也有一些没人愿意谈论的隐藏原因。

尼泊尔人憎恨印度的主要原因与锡金有关。锡金邦制作了大量反印文献并传到尼泊尔。在尼泊尔，印度人被称为 “Dhotis”。这个词是锡金的林布族为称呼孟加拉人和马尔瓦里人创造的，但现在这个词传到了尼泊尔，成了对印度人的粗暴侮辱性词汇。从历史上看，尼泊尔一直与印度关系密切。尼泊尔的统一者普利特维・纳拉扬・沙阿是拉杰普特人，他的祖先在 15 世纪从拉贾斯坦邦迁徙到尼泊尔。沙阿王朝与印度王室通婚，还采纳了尼泊尔卡斯族的传统，尊重印度和印度人。普利特维・纳拉扬・沙阿曾特意致信印度各土邦，呼吁他们共同对抗英国人。

对印度人的憎恨是由林布族挑起的。林布族和拉伊族是中国彝族和苗族的混血后裔。尽管尼泊尔人试图让他们融入南亚，让他们接受比尔人的基拉特身份，但这些人仍然憎恨棕色人种和南亚文化。

Min Yan

Why does Nepal trust China more than India?

Almost all answers are from Indians and Nepalese. Let me gather: Indians think Nepalese do not know how Chinese are because they do not have much contact. Nepalese mostly grieves about the interference from the Indians, and appreciate Chinese do not interfere.

为什么尼泊尔对中国的信任超过印度？

几乎所有回答都来自印度人和尼泊尔人。我来总结一下：印度人认为尼泊尔人不了解中国人，因为他们和中国人接触不多。尼泊尔人则大多对印度的干涉感到不满，同时感激中国人不干涉他们的事务。

Here I offer my take.

Both Nepal and India are culturally Hindu. India is the amalgamation of many kingdoms. Under the British rule, Nepal was comparable to any such kingdom. Therefore it wouldn’t surprise me that the creation of India could also include Nepal. In contrast, Bhutan is culturally Tiban, quite different from Nepal.

So Nepal and India are natural brothers. However, India inherited the British legacy, and never treated Nepal as brother of equal standing. Nepal has natural affiliation with the India brother. However, as the weaker brother, Nepal is naturally most sensitive about the equality. This is the root cause of the conflict between the two countries. As long as the relation is not equal, Nepal will always maintain some distrust toward India.

这里我谈谈自己的看法。

尼泊尔和印度在文化上都以印度教为核心。印度是许多王国融合而成的国家。在英国统治时期，尼泊尔和印度的那些王国地位相当。因此，印度建国时本可以把尼泊尔也包含进去，这对我来说并不奇怪。相比之下，不丹在文化上更接近藏族，与尼泊尔大不相同。

所以尼泊尔和印度本是天然的兄弟之邦。但印度继承了英国的遗产，从未把尼泊尔当作平等的兄弟对待。尼泊尔本能地亲近印度这位兄弟，但作为较弱的一方，尼泊尔对 “平等” 格外敏感。这是两国冲突的根源。只要关系不平等，尼泊尔对印度就总会存有一些不信任。

Due to the high mountain, the distance between China and Nepal is longer than what the map indicates. Close relation to Nepal was never a Chinese priority. By the way, the co unist party of Nepal was founded in Calcutta and always had much closer relation to India than to China. Due to the geographical difficulty, China’s influence in Nepal is very small, and china simply has no ability to interfere. Naturally Nepalese feel they are treated by Chinese in a more equal footing, and therefore “trust” more.

Things may change, though. If China can build railway to Nepal (a big if), then the distance between Nepal and China suddenly becomes much shorter. However, I expect Nepalese will find that Chinese are not as evil as the Indians told them. In fact, the railway from China will truly provide the hope for the Nepalese to really develop and grow out of poverty. The relation will be much more than trust, but a transformation of a poverished country.

P.S. Nepal is a popular destination for NGOs to offer humanitarian help. In fact, my friend’s daughter will spend her gap year (before entering Princeton) in Nepal. But I believe this will never cause an substantial change. When a railway from china is built, the Nepalese will find what the true and transformative help means.

由于高山阻隔，中尼之间的实际距离比地图上显示的更远。与尼泊尔保持密切关系从来不是中国的优先事项。顺便说一句，尼泊尔在加尔各答成立，而且长期以来与印度的关系远比与中国密切。受地理条件限制，中国在尼泊尔的影响力很小，根本没有能力干涉尼泊尔事务。因此，尼泊尔人自然觉得中国人对他们更平等，也就 “更信任” 中国。

不过情况可能会改变。如果中国能建成通往尼泊尔的铁路（这还有很大不确定性），那么中尼之间的距离会突然大幅缩短。我预计，尼泊尔人会发现中国人并不像印度人说的那么邪恶。事实上，来自中国的铁路将真正为尼泊尔人带来发展和脱贫的希望。两国关系将不止于信任，而是会推动这个贫困国家实现转型。

附言：尼泊尔是 NGOs 提供人道主义援助的热门目的地。其实，我朋友的女儿在进入普林斯顿大学前的间隔年去尼泊尔。但我认为这不会带来实质性改变。当中国的铁路建成后，尼泊尔人才会明白什么是真正具有变革意义的帮助。