爱荷华州豆农接受采访，称 “对中国的出口根本没指望了”

Iowa soybean farmer says "export to China just isn't there"

爱荷华州豆农称 “对中国出口根本没指望了”

American farmers are facing financial strain as China halts purchases of U.S. soybeans. Iowa soybean farmer April Hemmes joins CBS News to discuss.

由于中国暂停采购美国大豆，美国农民正面临经济压力。爱荷华州豆农埃普丽尔・赫姆斯接受了哥伦比亚广播公司新闻的采访，对此事发表看法。

A pivotal part of the trade relationship between the US and China is soybeans, as we've been talking about. Typically, Beiing buys at least a quarter of all soybeans grown in the US. But China has not bought any since May, when Trump imposed tariffs on Chinese goods. In retaliation, China imposed a steep duty of its own on American soybeans. That makes other countries a cheaper option, as we've been saying.

Data from the Department of Agriculture shows the value of soybean exports to China in recent years. In 2022, American farmers sold nearly $18 billion worth of soybeans to China. In 2023, that number was more than $15 billion. In 2024, it was more than $12 billion. Now, it's zero.

正如我们之前所讨论的，大豆是中美贸易关系中的关键一环。通常情况下，中国至少会购买美国大豆总产量的四分之一。但自今年 5 月特朗普对中国商品加征关税以来，中国就再未采购过美国大豆。作为反制，中国也对美国大豆征收了高额关税。正如我们之前提到的，结果购买其他国家的大豆更划算

美国农业部的数据显示了近年来美国对中国大豆出口的价值变化：2022 年，美国农民向中国出售了价值近 180 亿美元的大豆；2023 年，这一数字降至 150 多亿美元；2024 年，进一步降至 120 多亿美元；而现在，这一数值已降至零。

So I want to bring in April Hemus, a soybean farmer from North Central Iowa. Thank you so much for joining us. April, with China no longer buying, how are you feeling the impacts?

接下来，我们邀请来自爱荷华州中北部的大豆种植户埃普丽尔・赫姆斯加入我们的讨论。非常感谢你能来，埃普丽尔。在中国停止采购后，你感受到了哪些影响？

Yeah. Well, in Iowa, where I'm from, we're very lucky because we feed a lot of livestock and have biodiesel plants. So I have the option to either sell to a cargo plant or my co-op. But after domestic use is over, export to China just isn't there. And the poor North Dakota and South Dakota farmers have nowhere to go with their soybeans. Or if you have to store them, commercial storage is charging a lot—just because they can't get rid of those soybeans that we normally export.

好的。我来自爱荷华州，我们这边还算幸运，因为当地有大量畜牧业需求，还有生物柴油工厂。所以我还能选择把大豆卖给货运工厂或者合作社。但国内需求消化完之后，对中国的出口就完全没指望了。而北达科他州和南达科他州的种植户就惨了，他们的大豆根本没地方去。要是不得不储存大豆，商业仓储的收费也高得离谱 —— 就因为那些原本要出口的大豆没了销路，仓储空间紧张。

All right, so we're talking about all this back-and-forth between the US and China, with soybeans as the topic. Farmers then have to think about the next crop. So what's the conversation there? How are they factoring this into the future?

好的，我们现在讨论的是美中之间围绕大豆展开的这些拉锯。种植户们接下来得考虑下一季作物的安排，大家现在都在聊些什么？他们会如何将当前情况纳入未来的种植规划中？

Yeah. So with agriculture, especially soybeans, I'm calling it "everything everywhere all at once" because our input costs are very high. If I raise soybeans next year, the average cost per bushel will be $11, but what I can sell it for is less than $10. So I would essentially be losing a dollar per bushel for every soybean I raise next year. That's not a very great scenario for soybean farmers.

是这样的。农业领域，尤其是大豆种植，现在的情况可以说是 “一团乱麻”，因为我们的种植投入成本太高了。如果我明年种大豆，每蒲式耳的平均成本会达到 11 美元，但能卖出的价格却不到 10 美元。也就是说，明年我每种一蒲式耳大豆，基本上就要亏 1 美元。对大豆种植户来说，这可不是什么好情况。

So we can either store the soybeans and hope for better prices, or plant them and wait till next year. China is in this for the long haul—they've bought from Argentina when they usually would buy from us. That's a negative; it's more insult to injury for US soybean farmers. We're ho they come to an agreement soon.

所以我们要么把大豆储存起来，寄希望于之后价格能涨上去；要么就先种下去，等明年再看情况。中国显然是打算长期这么做 —— 他们原本会从我们这里买大豆，现在却转而去阿根廷采购了。这对美国大豆种植户来说无疑是雪上加霜。我们都希望双方能尽快达成协议。

>> Yeah, let's talk about that. President Trump recently agreed to throw Argentina a $20 billion financial lifeline. Argentina is a competitor in the soybean business. So how do you feel about that move?

>> Well, that was, like I said, insult to injury. That was our hope, now gone. I just wrapped up soybean harvest—right now is when China usually buys the majority of their soybeans, because we're in the middle of harvest. Our beans are cheap and very abundant. But then Argentina lifted its export tax, and China came in two days later and bought enough to meet their needs for the next few months.

好的，我们来聊聊另一个话题。特朗普总统最近同意向阿根廷提供 200 亿美元的经济援助，而阿根廷正是美国在大豆领域的竞争对手。你怎么看待这一举措？

嗯，就像我刚才说的，这简直是雪上加霜。我们原本还抱有希望，现在这点希望也没了。我刚完成大豆收割，眼下正是中国通常大量采购大豆的时候 —— 因为我们正处于收获季，大豆价格低、供应量足。但阿根廷取消了出口税后，中国两天内就买够了未来几个月所需的大豆。

So as far as soybeans are concerned, China has no reason to negotiate until really later next year, when Brazil comes into play. It's not very encouraging for soybean farmers these days.

所以就大豆而言，中国在明年晚些时候巴西大豆上市前，完全没有和美国谈判的必要。这段时间对大豆种植户来说，真的没什么可乐观的。

>> Oh boy. Let's talk about President Trump threatening trade retaliation against China over this soybean dispute. He's also floated the idea of using tariff revenue to help support struggling farmers. So what do you want?

>> Every farmer you talk to will say we want free and fair trade. We know that's almost an impossibility, but that's truly what we want. Studies have shown that 70 to 75% of any money we get from the government—those kinds of payments—goes to cover input costs. My fertilizer prices won't come down, and neither will the rent for my land, because those people know we're going to get a payment.

唉。我们再说说特朗普总统，他威胁要就这场大豆争端对中国采取贸易反制措施，还提出要用关税收入来帮助陷入困境的种植户。你们真正想要的是什么？

你问任何一个种植户，大家都会说我们想要自由、公平的贸易。我们知道这几乎不可能实现，但这确实是我们真正的诉求。有研究显示，我们从政府拿到的补贴，70% 到 75% 都会用来覆盖种植投入成本 —— 化肥价格不会降，土地租金也不会少，因为那些供应商知道我们能拿到政府补贴。

That's the loop we're caught in these days with these government payments. It doesn't all go into the farmer's pockets; it just goes to cover the costs of planting the crop I have for next year.

这就是我们现在陷入的循环：政府补贴并没有全部落到种植户手里，只是勉强够覆盖明年种庄稼的成本而已。

以下是各国网友的评论：

gazjaz2010
Yes Mr Farmer this is exactly what you voted for.

农民先生，这就是你当初投票选出来的结果啊。

felondog21
It was like turkies voting for Thanksgiving

这简直就像火鸡投票支持过感恩节一样，给自己找苦头吃。

luonggiavinh8925
Wonder why they are trying to hide their red hat

真纳闷他们为什么要把那顶红帽子藏起来

Clydesirota
You are so wrong. The Leader will give them a lot of money to his white Christian farmers.

你错得太离谱了。那位“领袖”会给“自己人”——那些白人基督徒农民——发很多钱的。

Bat_Boy
Time for small farmers to file bankruptcy, so Trumps corporate pals can swoop in, and get it for cheap. LOL. I would say you got played, but you voted for this, so you played yourself, farmers and coal miners!

现在该轮到小农户申请破产了，这样特朗普的大企业朋友们就能趁虚而入，低价收购他们的农场。哈哈。我本想说你们被耍了，但这是你们自己投票选的，是你们自己坑了自己——农民们、煤矿工们！

MrPr0phacy
They actually gambled for easy government bailout money, not knowing Trump would just throw them under the bus after their vote is in.

他们其实是在赌能轻松拿到政府救助金，却没想到特朗普拿到他们的选票后，就把他们抛到一边不管了。

sharonharris9782
the majority of farmers voted for this. Suck it up buttercup and put those red hats back on.

大部分农民都投票给了特朗普。忍着吧，宝贝儿，把那顶红帽子再戴回去。

iu2
Why would American farmers sell to China?

美国农民为什么要卖大豆给中国啊？

christinamorris8914
Especially considering Argentina just dropped their export tax on soy beans, further undermining American farmers.

尤其是阿根廷刚取消了大豆出口税，这更是把美国农民往绝路上逼。

StephenRoach-q3r
This is what they voted for

这就是他们投票选出来的结果。

fuzzjunky
but that also means the big bailout is coming, and you will pay for that too.

看来大额救助金要来了，而且这笔钱最终还是得由你们纳税人来买单。

Lou-r6q1v
No bail out for the farmers. You need to pull yourselves up by your boot straps? We’re not a socialist country. where a country that don’t give out handouts and you guys voted for this live with your choices and eat crow.

别想给农民救助金了。你们不是得“靠自己努力站起来”吗？我们不是社会主义国家，我们国家不搞施舍那一套。这是你们自己投票选的，就得承担后果，自认倒霉。

jermelpurse3018
If I recall, Donald Trump told these farmers in the Midwest and southern states that voted for him this is exactly what he would do. A majority and overwhelming majority of these individuals voted for Donald Trump. Also remember an overwhelming majority of Republicans do not believe in public welfare for people in need they believe in pull yourself up by your boo straps they believe in capitalism Not socialism. If that is true, how can the party that believes in tariffs the people who voted for tariffs turn around and ask for the government to hand them money? Is that not hypocrisy?

我记得很清楚，唐纳德·特朗普早就跟那些支持他的中西部和南部各州农民说过，他肯定会这么做。这些人里，绝大多数都投了特朗普的票。别忘了，绝大多数共和党人都不赞成给困难人群发福利，他们信奉“靠自己努力”，信奉资本主义，而非社会主义。要是真像他们说的那样，那这个支持加征关税的政党、这些投票支持加征关税的人，怎么转头就求政府给钱了？这难道不是虚伪吗？

chumpthetraitor7331
No student loan forgiveness no bail out for farmers

学生贷款不减免，农民救助金也没有。

hefirstasian
That was just a con to get students to vote for BIDEN.

那不过是骗学生给拜登投票的把戏罢了。

BartLeary
Farmers are you better off now than you were 8 months ago?

农民们，你们现在的日子比8个月前好过吗？

garyoakham9723
They will never admit anything. The best course of action is to let these farmers go bankrupted and hope the next generation of farmers have some common sense

他们永远不会承认自己错了。最好的办法就是让这些农民破产，指望下一代农民能有点常识。

scottbaughman
Spoiler, they are not. Canadian here who lives in a rural farming area, i'm all for farmers, but god damn stop voting stop voting conservative. You just end up getting hurt in the end.

剧透一下：他们的日子更差了。我是加拿大人，住在农村，我很支持农民，但，别再投保守党的票了。最后受伤的只会是你们自己。

t47328
I don't think that trans athletes are as big a problem as China not buying soy beans.

我觉得跨性别运动员这事，根本没中国不买大豆那么严重。

ilbertJohnson-k5t
That's what happens when you vote against your own interests never let hate control your vote

投票违背自己的利益，就会落得这个下场。别让仇恨左右你的投票。

SunbearMoonpie
Didn't China just make multi-year soybean contracts with Argentina and Brazil? If this is true China won't be buying soybeans from the US for years.

中国不是刚和阿根廷、巴西签了多年大豆合同吗？要是真的，那中国未来好几年都不会从美国买大豆了。

MetaView7
The US has thousands of sanctions imposed on China. I doubt they want to negotiate unless those sanctions are lifted.

美国对中国实施了数千项制裁。我觉得除非这些制裁被取消，否则中国不会愿意谈判。

abrakkehakka1357
With the chaos Trump causes, no nation can trust the US as a supply for essential grains. It’s really a “starve or eat” issue for a nation’s population. The Americans having voted twice (the farmers three times) for trade chaos, means they will likely do so again. So nations simply must find, or create, other suppliers. And that is a permanent thing. You can’t go back. Perhaps if the voters put blue administrations, and blue supermajorities in both houses, into office for a decade or two… then international trust can slowly grow again. But never completely.

特朗普制造了这么多混乱，没有哪个国家还敢信任美国，把它当作重要粮食的供应国。这对一个国家的民众来说，可是“挨饿还是吃饱”的生死问题。美国人已经两次投票支持带来贸易混乱的人（农民更是投了三次），这意味着他们很可能还会再这么做。其他国家只能寻找或培养其他供应商，而且这是永久性的改变，再也回不去了。或许如果选民能让民主党政府以及参众两院的民主党绝对多数执政一二十年，国际社会对美国的信任才有可能慢慢恢复，但永远不可能完全恢复。

Bigbruhmoment541
I don't think many people understand the amount of damage from this. And not just farmers being affected tourism has been going down due to people being rightfully upset and uncomfortable going here. People are refusing to buy anything made in the US ect. Those who voted for this are learning that the rest of the world doesn't revolve around the US.

我觉得很多人都没意识到这事造成的损失有多大。受影响的不只是农民——旅游业也在下滑，因为人们当然感到不满，也不愿意来这儿了。大家还拒绝买任何美国制造的东西等等。那些投票支持这事的人现在终于明白，世界不是围着美国转的。

phoque121
The US should take the opportunity to reduce its agricultutal production and replace those plantations by forest area, which is what they used to be. The US has been saying that to Brazil for years

美国应该抓住这个机会减少农业生产，把那些种植园恢复成原来的森林。这些话美国跟巴西说了好多年了。

wilwong83
Elections have consequences.

选举是要承担后果的。

Christine-dz6wh
And guess what? America isn't totally sold on soy so have fun trying to sell that here.

你猜怎么着？美国人自己也不是那么爱买大豆，所以就慢慢琢磨在国内怎么卖吧，祝你好运。

At_the_Garden
Soy can be used for biofuel, animal feed, paints, plastics, cleaners, lubricant, tires etc. plus if Brazil and Argentina are selling big to China maybe the farmers can sell to countries no longer getting their soy from Brazil and Argentina. Lastly tariff dollars collected will be given to farmers.

大豆能用来做生物燃料、动物饲料、油漆、塑料、清洁剂、润滑剂、轮胎等等。而且如果巴西和阿根廷大量给中国卖大豆，那美国农民或许能把大豆卖给那些没法再从巴阿两国买大豆的国家。最后，征收来的关税钱也会给农民的。

jillclarke7264
You reap what you sow. The farmers voted for this

种什么因，得什么果。这是农民们自己投票选的。

pauldiamond9219
Yeh its a real mystery, the US reneges on trade treaties already signed, imposes unilateral tariffs that make zero sense, tries to extort literally hundreds of billions from allies (see S. Korea & Japan) and threaten military alliances that have kept the industrialized world stable for 80 years...and we get repaid by countries refusing to do business with us or worse yet, trading stuff amongst themselves and deliberately excluding us! The nerve of them!

是啊，这可真是个谜——美国撕毁已经签署的贸易协定，征收毫无道理的单边关税，试图从盟友（比如韩国和日本）那里敲诈数千亿美元，还威胁那些维持了工业化世界80年稳定的军事同盟，结果其他国家要么拒绝和我们做生意，要么更过分，他们自己互相贸易，故意把我们排除在外！他们胆子可真够大的！

Joe-l6o
Trump supporters will ignore this because they’re too far gone.

特朗普的支持者会无视这一切，因为他们已经执迷不悟了。

BTK1653
And China will never come back. So why are taxpayers going to yet again bail out these generationally failed businesses that are family owned and land rich?? We bail out these failed businesses every few years and yet these families never have business consequences. Why?

中国再也不会回来了。那为什么纳税人还要再一次救助这些代代相传、坐拥大量土地却经营失败的家族农场？我们每隔几年就救助这些失败的农场，但这些家族从来不用承担经营失败的后果。凭什么？

m_go7128
Maybe don't call your best customers peasants? Don't start a trade war with them? They are gone and are not coming back.

或许不该把你最好的客户叫做“乡巴佬”？不该跟他们打贸易战？他们已经走了，不会再回来了。

mildlyAnnoyed123
Maybe starting a trade war with the entire world at all once wasn't the most thought out plan? Maybe China would retaliate?

或许一次性跟全世界打贸易战不是个经过深思熟虑的好主意？或许中国会反击？

BobbyHickey
By bankrupting farmers, investment firms can swoop up the farms like they did the housing

把农民搞破产后，投资公司就能像当初收购房产那样，低价收购农场了。

celxoirealyx
True. usa is a corporation. Not a real country at this point.

说得对。美国现在就是个公司，根本不是个真正的国家。

tmpreardon4200
I guess starting a trade war without a back-up was as impulsively dumb as we warned. Oh well, we can explain it to you, but we can't make you GET IT.

我就说嘛，没准备好备选方案就打贸易战，就像我们之前警告的那样，既冲动又愚蠢。唉，我们能给你解释，但没法让你真的明白。

CowboyConan
They made Argentina great again. It’s what they voted for.

他们让阿根廷“再次伟大”了。这就是他们投票选的结果

MrTomcat104
Why is any of this a shock and surprise to the farmers? They saw what happened in Trump's first term when China refused purchasing of US soybeans in retaliation for US tariffs. Trump had to bail them out. But they voted for him again this time. I mean, just how stupid can you be? Maybe they just want more government bailouts. And they have the gall to accuse others of socialism when they are dependent on government handouts themselves?

农民们怎么会对这一切感到震惊和意外呢？特朗普第一任期时，中国就曾为了反击美国关税而拒绝购买美国大豆，当时的情况他们又不是没看见，最后还是特朗普出手救助的。可这次他们还是投了他的票。我是说，人能蠢到这种地步吗？或许他们就是想拿更多政府救助金吧。自己依赖政府施舍，还有脸指责别人搞社会主义？

xsong1234
America: we need to stop trading with China China: ok, we’ll buy from Brazil and Argentina America: wait a second that’s not fair!

美国：我们得停止和中国贸易。中国：行，那我们从巴西和阿根廷买。美国：等等，这不公平！