佛教国家泰国与柬埔寨，为何因边界上的印度教寺庙及遗产爆发冲突

Why Buddhist Thailand & Cambodia are at war over Hindu temples & heritage across colonial borders

为何佛教国家泰国与柬埔寨因殖民边界上的印度教寺庙及遗产陷入争端

The skirmish between Thailand and Cambodia traces its roots to colonial & cluttered borders drawn by the French. Decades-long dispute between the two countries over Hindu temples is at the centre of this dispute.

泰国与柬埔寨之间的冲突，根源在于法国人在殖民时期胡乱划定边界。两国围绕印度教寺庙长达数十年的争端，是这场冲突的核心。

以下是各国网友的评论：

forlua
The problem with Cambodian nationalism is that many people believe everything from the ancient Khmer Empire should belong to them. They think they’re the only rightful heirs of the empire. But in reality, countries like Laos, Thailand, and parts of Myanmar were also built on the foundations of Ancient Khmer culture. It’s kind of like Italy claiming all the art, culture, buildings, and land across Europe just because of its connection to Roman history. That’s pretty much what a lot of Cambodians are doing. Sure, you could argue that Cambodia has the strongest cultural ties to the ancient Khmer civilization, but that’s because the fall of Angkor in the 15th century left a blank page in the history of the Khmer Empire, with little to no significant cultural or large-scale developments after that.

After the fall of Angkor in 1431, Cambodia went through a period of political chaos and instability. From the 15th to the 17th centuries, Cambodia was heavily influenced by the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom (modern-day Thailand), which had significant control over Cambodia’s internal affairs. During this time, Siamese culture, which had evolved partly from ancient Khmer traditions, began to flow back into Cambodia. This cultural exchange continued even into the 19th century, especially after the Khmer Rouge genocide in the 1970s, when Cambodia’s intellectual and artistic class was nearly wiped out. In response, Thailand sent teachers and artisans to help revive Cambodia’s cultural heritage.

As a result, many Cambodians today believe that Thai costumes, Thai architecture, and other aspects of Thai culture are their own inventions. This is partly because, when they look at the carvings and stone walls at Angkor Wat, they see figures and motifs that resemble Thai art and culture. Cambodian history books also rarely give credit to the influence of the Thais. This has led to a widespread claim that Thai cultural elements are part of Cambodia’s heritage (aka Claimbodization).

柬埔寨民族主义的问题在于，很多人觉得古代高棉帝国的所有东西都该归他们。他们认为自己是这个帝国唯一的合法继承者。但实际上，老挝、泰国还有缅甸的部分地区，都是在古代高棉文化的基础上建立的。这就好比意大利因为和罗马历史有关联，就声称欧洲所有的艺术、文化、建筑和土地都归它——很多柬埔寨人差不多就是这么干的。当然，你可以说柬埔寨和古代高棉文明的文化联系最紧密，但这是因为15世纪吴哥衰落之后，高棉帝国的历史就成了空白，之后几乎没什么重大的文化发展或大规模建设了。

1431年吴哥陷落后，柬埔寨陷入了政治混乱和动荡。15到17世纪，柬埔寨深受暹罗阿瑜陀耶王国（现在的泰国）影响，内政几乎被其掌控。那段时间，暹罗文化（部分源自古代高棉传统）开始回流到柬埔寨。这种文化交流一直持续到19世纪，尤其是20世纪70年代红色高棉大屠杀后，柬埔寨的知识分子和艺术家几乎被赶尽杀绝，泰国还派了教师和工匠去帮助复兴柬埔寨的文化遗产。

结果就是，现在很多柬埔寨人觉得泰国的服饰、建筑还有其他文化元素都是他们自己创造的。部分原因是，他们看吴哥窟的雕刻和石墙时，会发现里面的人物和图案跟泰国的艺术文化很像。而且柬埔寨的历史书里几乎不提泰国的影响，这就导致他们普遍宣称泰国的文化元素是柬埔寨遗产的一部分。

alexyuarayan1212
Cambodia was ruled by Thaland (Siam or Shyam) for 432 yrs. before coming of colonial France.

法国殖民到来之前，柬埔寨被泰国（暹罗）统治了432年。

lucknlu2116
You’re dreaming…LOL

你在做梦吧，哈哈

tokaitrading8335
All would not happened if not because of the superstitious Hinduism beliefs

要不是那些迷信的印度教信仰，根本不会有这些事。

Family_88
To Indian ppl long story short Cambodia is the Pakistan of Thailand

跟印度人说白了吧，柬埔寨就是泰国的巴基斯坦。

hansikursch484
That sounds unnecessarily hateful tbh

说实话，这话说得有点没必要这么带恨吧。

drcoolx
ahh thank you make sense now

啊，谢了，现在明白了。

parthvatsa3619
for a whole day, I thought Cambodia may be right.. YOUR SINGLE COMMENT now makes me rethink my opinion.

一整天我都觉得柬埔寨可能是对的，你这一条评论就让我改主意了。

bankfibo
Hun Sen is not interested in the Hindu temples; he only wants casinos to operate exclusively in Cambodia. When Thaksin Shinawatra proposed the idea of creating a mega entertainment complex, something similar to a casino but much bigger, Hun Sen saw it as a threat to his business interests. He feared it would disrupt his control and reduce the profits flowing into his pockets.

洪森对印度教寺庙没兴趣，他只想要柬埔寨的赌场独家经营。他信·西那瓦提议建一个大型娱乐综合体，类似赌场但规模大得多，洪森觉得这威胁到了他的商业利益，担心会动摇他的控制权，让进自己口袋的钱变少。

ThePolymerisst
Good to see Cambodians and Thais discussing the issue in the comments section.
We Indians get to see different perspectives.

很高兴看到柬埔寨人和泰国人在评论区讨论这个问题。我们印度人能看到不同的观点。

ankitlamba4253
Are they really thai or combodian, we indians like to discuss things that doesn't concern us from America to antartica

他们真的是泰国人或柬埔寨人吗？我们印度人就爱讨论不相干的事，从美国到南极洲都能聊。

whaddoiknow6519
Maybe Trump will "arrange" a ceasefire here also. As we all know, he speaks fluent Thai and Khmer.

或许特朗普也会在这里“促成”停火。毕竟我们都知道，他的泰语和高棉语说得可溜了。

laddin-l4w
The truth is, he wasn't interested in the old castles themselves. He was more interested in the land around them. Take Preah Vihear Temple as an example: once the Khmer got it, they didn't maintain or preserve it; they even destroyed it.

事实上，他对那些古老的寺庙本身没兴趣，更在意的是周边的土地。就拿柏威夏寺来说，高棉人一旦拿到手，根本不维护保养，甚至还破坏它。

leomesulam3225
I visited Preah Vihear, pais entrance fee to Cambodian military. Thais are jealous about that, the problem is money. If both government could agree, it would be a nice place to visit from both sides.

我去过柏威夏寺，给柬埔寨军方交了入场费。泰国人就是嫉妒这个，问题根本在钱。要是两国政府能达成一致，这里会是个两边都能好好游览的好地方。

Kenji72218
Is this your personal opnion? If so can I give me my personal opnion? why thai tried to replicate another angkor wat? is it for tourisum,is for money, is it for the gdp which one? And you say they don't preserve it an old temple, it f-ing made of stone, rains everytime can you control it?

这是你的个人观点吗？如果是，我能说说我的看法不？泰国为什么要仿造一个吴哥窟？是为了旅游业？为了钱？还是为了GDP？到底是哪个？而且你说他们不保护古寺庙，那玩意儿可是石头做的，天天下雨，你能控制得了吗？

JwshUduesiw
Cambodians always say Thais stole from their culture, when most of of the entire SEA culture are indian in nature

柬埔寨人总说泰国人偷了他们的文化，可整个东南亚的文化本质上大多源自印度啊。

AC-gu9ks
I think the ancient tamils were responsible for that. They traded with most of the eastern nations that had a coast.

我觉得这得怪古代的泰米尔人。他们跟大多数东部沿海国家都有贸易往来。

rickfresher
@AC-gu9ks lol kalinga kingdom from present day odisa had significant trade relations with Southeast Asia long before the Tamils became prominent in maritime trade. the funan kingdom covering parts of present-day Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam was onces ruled by kundaniya with his queen Soma has per as legend is believed to have arrived from kalinga their union marked the begng of the Funan kingdom.his legacy is still reflected in the Khmer Krom’s belief that they are descendants of Funan, tied to the Indianized Suvarnabhumi.

哈哈，现在的奥里萨邦在古代是羯陵伽王国，早在泰米尔人在海上贸易中崛起之前，就和东南亚有密切的贸易关系了。传说扶南王国（包括现在的柬埔寨、泰国和越南部分地区）曾由昆达尼娅统治，他和王后索玛据信来自羯陵伽，他们的结合标志着扶南王国的开始。现在下高棉人认为自己是扶南的后裔，和印度化的“黄金地”（东南亚古国）有关联，这就是他留下的影响。

luck-9-t8j
The conflict is not the temple but the land

冲突的原因不是寺庙，是土地

alexyuarayan1212
Cambodia is not the country you should associate with,before noon day say anything and after noon ,they will say the same different.

柬埔寨不是你该打交道的国家，中午前说的话，到了下午就会变卦。

mitulsat
Atleast someone is fighting for their temples and not like India who gave up everything in the name of secularism

至少还有人为自己的寺庙抗争，不像印度，以世俗主义的名义放弃了一切。

TheMikki555
As Thai we don’t mind if the Cambodia took all the rocks from all temples and built somewhere else but the land that’s the temple stand is our land that’s why we fight back it’s not over those temples

作为泰国人，柬埔寨就算把所有寺庙的石头都搬走另建，我们也不在乎。但寺庙所在的土地是我们的，所以我们才反击——根本不是为了那些寺庙。

Blixey-r9z
It is a border dispute over territory that needs to be settled by mediation and diplomacy. The problem is there has been no Thai government that has had the political support of the military to negotiate a precise and binding delimitation of the Thai-Cambodian border. The ICJ has already settled the sovereignty dispute over the promontory of Preah Vihear in 1963 and reaffirmed in its 2013 judgement. Thailand and Cambodia need to sit down and negotiate an agreement over the actual border delimitation. The hill the temple stands on is slightly over 4 square kilometers. This seems like a very trivial and small issue to be fighting over.

这是领土边界争端，应该通过调解和外交途径解决。问题是，泰国没有任何一届政府能得到军方的政治支持，去协商划定精确且有约束力的泰柬边界。国际法院1963年就已经解决了柏威夏寺所在地的主权争端，并在2013年的判决中重申了这一点。泰国和柬埔寨需要坐下来协商实际的边界划定。寺庙所在的小山丘也就4平方公里多一点，为这么点事打架，实在太不值了。

marquefan1
Religions must learn to co-exst, not war against one another

宗教之间应该学会共存，而不是互相争斗。

thomaslacornette1282
They are same religion bro: Buddhist.

兄弟，他们信的是同一个宗教啊：佛教。

mg.f.9023
The Thai constitution guarantees freedom of religion. Religious Freedom is Enshrined in Law.

Even though Buddhism is given a special place, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Sikhism are officially recognized and protected.

泰国宪法保障宗教自由，宗教自由是受法律保护的。

虽然佛教有特殊地位，但ysl教、基督教、印度教和锡克教也被官方认可和保护。

SCP_X1
same as atheist periyarist tamilnadu have problems with hindu andhra over thirupathi.
it is not about religion rather about national pride.

就像无神论的泰米尔纳德邦反种姓主义者和信印度教的安得拉邦在蒂鲁帕蒂的问题上有矛盾一样。这跟宗教无关，关乎民族自豪感。

gopinadhrebba2590
Seriously hindu Andhra ? Tirupathi has a Tamil contribution just like chennai has Telugu contribution it was common capital for very long time ! But modern states are made on convenience rational.

说真的，“印度教的安得拉邦”？蒂鲁帕蒂有泰米尔人的贡献，就像金奈有泰卢固人的贡献一样——这里曾长期是共同的首府！但现代邦的划分是出于便利和理性。

mayureshrasam1708
I have Noticed that thailand has better Infor warfare capability than us.

我发现泰国的信息战能力比我们强。

paulreportingliv
I thought those relations were supposed to be peaceful, not destructive…

我还以为他们的关系应该是和平的，没想到会这么剑拔弩张

praveenkumarce
My Thai colleague's take on this as below, Old king of Thailand was fair/strict and hated the current PM(Paetongtarn Shinawatra) family. Long ago her Father took refuge in Cambodia. Once old king died and her father came back from Cambodia. Paetongtarn Shinawatra and her family talks to Cambodia regime leader very closely.. Combodia took a lot of land, they claim thai dressing culture is theirs, temple is theirs etc.. just because there is a military regime

我泰国同事是这么说的：泰国老国王公正又严厉，讨厌现任总理贝东丹·西那瓦一家。很久以前，贝东丹的父亲在柬埔寨避难，老国王一去世，她父亲就从柬埔寨回来了。贝东丹·西那瓦一家跟柬埔寨政权领导人走得很近，结果柬埔寨占了很多土地，还声称泰国的服饰文化、寺庙等等都是他们的——就因为现在是军政府掌权。

mayureshrasam1708
I have Noticed that thailand has better Infor warfare capability than us.

我发现泰国的信息战能力比我们强。

X1
same as atheist periyarist tamilnadu have problems with hindu andhra over thirupathi.
it is not about religion rather about national pride.

就像无神论的泰米尔纳德邦反种姓主义者和信印度教的安得拉邦在蒂鲁帕蒂的问题上有矛盾一样。这跟宗教无关，关乎民族自豪感。