Why India Will NEVER Be a Developed Nation (Unless We Fix This)

为什么印度永远成不了发达国家（除非解决这个问题）

India's development trajectory faces a fundamental roadblock. We examine why a collective mindset, not economic policy alone, shapes the nation's future.

印度的发展道路横亘着一道根本性障碍。塑造这个国家未来的，不只是经济政策，还有国民的整体思维模式

阻碍印度成为发达国家的最大障碍，未必是政客、腐败或是基础设施，而是国民的集体思维观念

一项覆盖60个国家、六万五千多人的全球大型公平观念研究，在印度开展了全国范围面对面调研。实验让普通人作为旁观者，决定两名真实劳动者的额外收入：一种场景下，额外收入完全随机分配（运气因素）；另一种场景下，收入分给产出更高的人（能力实干因素），通过真实金钱选择，测出人们内心对公平的理解。

在加拿大、澳大利亚等西方国家，多数人信奉能力至上：支持努力实干者获得奖励，但强烈要求抹平单纯靠运气带来的不公。比如挪威民众会极力抵消运气造成的贫富差距；如果收入差距来自个人生产力，他们才愿意接受这种不平等。

但印度的实验结果截然不同：

面对纯靠运气获得的收入差距，印度受访者接受度很高，该项不平等系数高达 0.59，在所有国家里排第三；当收入来自努力实干时，印度民众所能接受的不平等程度，和纯靠运气的情况几乎没有差别。简单说，印度人几乎分不清 “凭本事成功” 和 “靠运气成功”。

以下是印度网友的评论：

sukhendusamajdar3925
Truth be told, even if uncomfortable. The study, as summarized, exposes a cardinal flaw in the Indian national character. A sobering jolt to the legion of naive optimists about India's future. Thank you, Sumit, for the briefing.

实话实说，虽然听起来不舒服，不过这是真的。这份研究总结点出了印度国民性格里一个致命短板。给大批盲目看好印度未来的人狠狠浇了一盆冷水。谢谢你，苏米特，带来这番解读。

 

FallenLeavesReturnToRoots
It's your culture

问题就出在你们自己的文化上。

 

kultarmalik
Thanku sumit for sharing wonderful research regarding the India's economy and why it is not getting developed

谢谢你苏米特，分享这份很棒的研究，讲清楚了印度经济以及国家发展停滞的原因。

 

PeterPaul‑f9v
India is such a screwed up country. It will never be a super power. The population should be happy if the country even becomes "advanced".

印度这个国家问题一大堆。它永远成不了超级大国。这个国家要是能跻身发达行列，我们就该谢天谢地了。

 

alvikapriyadarshini4916
This is something I've always known intuitively, thank you for putting it in economic terms

这点我凭直觉早就察觉到了，谢谢你用经济学的逻辑把它讲明白。

 

 

nirminator1
Yes true it is institutions that foster merit and fairness, but people's culture and values does as well. The people running the institutions are from that very same culture they serve.

没错，制度确实能培育实干与公平，但民众的文化和价值观同样会起作用。管理制度的人，本身就身处这套本土文化当中。

ManasianCode
@nirminator1 It’s not right to say they came from the same culture because they have the power and knowledge to influence culture towards a better path, they simply choose not to as the current institution and culture is what keeps them in power.

说他们受这套文化束缚并不合理。他们手握权力，也有见识，完全可以引导文化往好的方向走。他们只是不愿这么做，现行的制度与文化恰恰是维护他们权力的工具。

nirminator1
@ManasianCodeYes I agree that they have power and influence, and some knowledge... However cultural norms are not set aside simply because someone is in an office capacity now... Which country are you from?.... Have you compared how different countries govern?

我承认他们拥有权力、影响力，也具备一定见识。可一个人身居官位，也不可能轻易抛开社会固有的文化习俗。你来自哪个国家？你对比过不同国家的治理模式吗？

ManasianCode
@nirminator1 Cultural norms are a direct result of institutional policy, if you will reward identity, identity will become an important marker for success, there's nothing cultural about this. Freebies/Revdi culture have never been part of the culture yet the freebie culture is promoted since it benefits those in power.

文化习俗本身就是制度政策催生出来的。制度优待出身身份，出身就会变成获取成功的关键，这本质和文化传统无关。靠发福利收买人心的风气，从来都不是本土固有文化。掌权者能从中获利，这种风气才会被大肆鼓吹。

 

rezaulkabir4217
Indian media blindly corrupted‑ proven reality.
General majority people are busy to every day survival,they became blind about government‑ this is so called de ocracy drugs ‑ free speech doesn’t feeds your hunger.

印度媒体盲从腐化，这是铁一般的事实。绝大多数老百姓疲于生计，努力养家糊口，看不清政府的真面目。所谓的印度皿煮就是麻醉民众的毒药，言论*由填不饱肚子。

 

jrkr7357
Nobody can help, and there is no solution.
India has many of the world's smartest and richest Indians, yet they can't do anything about it ...
Let's see 30 years later ..

没人能救印度，也没有解决办法。印度不乏全球顶尖的聪明人、富豪，可他们对此也束手无策。我们看看这个国家三十年后会是什么样子。

 

 

eliazmarlin1728
30 years later india will be 30 years backwards

三十年后，印度只会倒退三十年。

 

annantm2731
unless people themselves take pride in their decisions , choose sincere local people as their leaders or representatives , and vote against nepotist parties , india does not have a chance.

民众要是不以自己的选择为荣，不去选正直的候选人当领袖与代表，不去投票抵制搞裙带关系的政党，印度就没有希望。

 

chitmengkhong4057
The reason we stagnant is because we do not do RnD
The reasons are probably cultural and will need a scholarly dissection
We steal technology or even buy, but will never take the route of hard work and chances o failure in the RnD route
For us RnD is a Hindi word!

发展停滞的根源是我们不搞研发。问题根源大概率和文化挂钩，需要学者深入剖析。我们要么窃取技术，要么花钱买技术，却不愿意走自主研发这条路。搞研发就得埋头苦干，还要承受失败。对我们来说，研发就只是一个词汇而已，只挂在嘴上。

 

naf_k5126
Great!
We, in our society, have a strong camaraderie for mediocrity.
Our systems are either neutral towards meritocracy, or they operate shamelessly, against it.

说得很好。我们的社会，大家抱团安于平庸。现行体制要么不给实干能力的人机会，要么就公然打压有本事的人。

 

LeiChen_8000
There are dozens of reasons for India falling behind. Believing karma is just one of many which we know for years. Why present it as some new discovery? Attributing India’s problems to any single cause is oversimplification and naive.

印度落后有几十种原因。信奉业力轮回只是其中之一，这点大家早就知道。为什么要说这是新发现？把印度所有问题全部归到某一个原因上，太过片面，也很天真。

 

wenfulin
Indian modi: we are the 7000 years civilization superpower

印度莫迪：我们是一个七千年文明的古国，也是超级大国。

 

andrewhobbins1915
Indian is modeled by the English colonial system of slavery

印度的体制，脱胎于英国殖民时期的奴役制度。

 

LeiChen_8000
Even after 80 years of independence? Wow!

印度都独立八十年了，还这么说？真是离谱。

 

VijayKumar‑q6e8o
Haha...it's cathartic to blame others for our ills, isn't it? Feeds our tribal 'us vs them" instinct and collective fragile ego, "we are the best, but victims of XYZ"

哈哈，出了问题就怪罪别人，确实能让人心里舒坦，对吧？这迎合了非黑即白的对立思维，也满足了印度人脆弱的自尊心：我们本身很优秀，只是被种种外界因素坑害了。

 

nirminator1
Well... One day when the British leave India, it will finally be free to remodel itself..... Oh wait .

是啊，等英国人离开印度，印度就终于可以重塑自身了。哦等等，英国人早就走了。

 

eliazmarlin1728
India is a continent but functions as a country..

印度地域广袤堪比一片大陆，却只是以一个国家的形式运转。

 

thetechnocrat4979
Give it a rest already! It has been 80 years on top of multiple decades of intense struggle against colonial rule. How is our populace still not awake then? Perhaps we should diagnose our own problems instead of blaming everything on foreign rule.

别再拿殖民说事了！为了反抗殖民统治，印度奋斗了几十年，如今独立已经八十年。民众怎么还不清醒？我们该好好审视自身的问题，不要凡事都甩锅给英国殖民统治。

 

angavesa2016
First thing primary education should be developed with nutritional security. Denying nutritious food to many hides real talent

首要任务是发展初等教育，同时保障孩子的饮食营养。很多人得不到充足营养，大批真正有天赋的人就此被埋没。

 

tigeragri5355
Which India?
The elite like yours or
The bottom who suffering for their survival after 75 years of independent
You are thinking and speaking about yourself like but
See and think about the below and bottom
Without the upliftment of the bottom's that
There is no super or hyper or ultra power
Only develo but not sure
Un developed

你说的是哪个印度？是你这样的精英阶层的印度，还是独立七十五年依旧为生存苦苦挣扎的底层民众的印度？你的想法和言论只站在自己的角度。多看看底层普通人。底层民众得不到提升，就谈不上什么超级大国，顶多算是前途未卜的发展中国家，甚至是不发达国家。

 

who52au
Name of a Indian politician that able to break this " couture mindset " any ?

有没有哪一位印度政客，能够打破这种固化思维？

 

ashokkumar3995
As long as there is reservation india will never become a developed country

只要还保留预留名额制度，印度就永远成不了发达国家。

 

ajaykumarsingh702
Reservation has nothing to do with development.
USA is developed by the private sector.
What is the Indian private sector doing ?

预留名额制度和国家发展毫无关系。美国靠私营部门实现发达，那印度的私营企业又在做些什么？

 

yukld‑kv5fs
Given the current situation, India's ambition to become a developed country is a fantasy; it faces a host of national problems, and even if these problems were resolved, the United States would still intervene and prevent it from surpassing India.

以当下的局面来看，印度想要成为发达国家只是空想。国内问题一大堆，就算全部解决，美国也会出手干预，不让我们印度超过美国

 

itarkamudra4548
India is already number 3 in the world. It is expected to be replacing China in a few decades to be number 1.

我们印度已经是世界第三。预计几十年后，我们会取代中国成为世界第一。

 

LeiChen_8000
If karma is so accepted, how do you explain CJP movement? Obviously Indian Gen Z don’t buy it.

如果业力轮回的观念深入人心，那该怎么解释公民正义运动？很明显印度Z世代并不吃这一套。

 

Kasthuriist
Attitude is very important! Dan.

思想态度至关重要！

 

AP‑do8mi
moral deficit especially towards equity is the reason merit never gets appreciated. Superstition, supremacy of a group defined by age, caste, class and gender over another diffuses the human spirit to work hard. Combine the aforesaid two facets and you get india.
West talks about paganism a lot. In my opinion the biggest flaw of a caste based hindu way of living is that it tells you this is not your only life, if you are born in poverty or lower caste hinduism tells you ''better luck next time, now just suck it up and be subordinated to the higher ups'' This is the moral deficit that defeats human spirit.
It worked for indo‑aryans but doesnt work for a de ocratic nation‑state.
Moving to west they believe universe owes them the right, but thats a flex if there is no gratitude for the opportunity and no respect for a culture to assimilate rather than tower over out of inferiority.

道德层面有所缺失，尤其缺少公平意识，实干才干才得不到重视。迷信思想，还有按年龄、种姓、阶层、性别划分的等级特权，消磨人们拼搏的意志。把这两点结合起来，就是当下的印度。西方总喜欢谈论异教思想。在我看来，印度教种姓体系最大的弊病就是宣扬人生轮回。如果你生来贫苦、出身低种姓，这套思想就告诉你：下辈子会变好，这辈子只能忍受苦难，服从上位者。正是这种道德缺失，磨灭了人的斗志。这套逻辑曾经适配印度‑雅利安族群，却完全不适合现代民诸国家。再看西方，他们总觉得全世界都该迁就自己。得到机遇却不懂感恩，因为内心自卑，不愿融入其他文化，反而总想居高临下，这不过是虚张声势。

 

An1234‑n8o
The caste system has severely damaged the Indian mindset, which ultimately led to corrupt leaders, a corrupt populace, and a broken society.

种姓制度严重扭曲了印度人的思想，最终催生腐败的官员、腐化的民众，整个社会千疮百孔。

 

Jormungandr1983
Only Lee Kwan Yew governance model will work in India. Western models will not function here. Let's test this hypothesis

只有李光耀式的治理模式才能拯救印度，西方模式在这里行不通。不妨验证一下这条道路

 

rathinaveluthiruvenkatam610
India as a nation was , is and never will be great. If any individual here is talented, he is suppressed and that is why Indian Number system became Arabic. All Science noble laureates are South Indians whose achievements were realized abroad, not here. (C.V.Raman was a product of British India) Sunthar Pichai and Nathella are present examples. In many countries both talented and some cheats succeed. Here only cheats and corrupted (that support the Rulers) succeed.

印度过去算不上伟大，现在算不上，未来也永远成不了伟大国家。国内有才干的人都会遭到打压。这也是为什么印度数字体系最后变成了阿拉伯数字。印度所有诺贝尔科学奖得主都是南印度人，而且成就都是在海外取得的，不是在本土取得的。钱德拉塞卡拉·拉曼也是英属印度时期的人物。桑达尔·皮查伊等人就是现成例子。很多国家，有本事的人和投机者都能获得成功。但在印度，只有投机钻营、腐败、拥护当权者的人才能出人头地。