在华印度女孩：为什么印度永远无法像中国这样发展

WHY India Can NEVER Grow Like China?

为什么印度永远无法像中国这样发展？

India can never be as rich as China. People keep asking why China is develo so fast while India, after being the largest de ocracy, is still struggling. What's the reality? India is still far behind China and the gap is only increasing. China looks something like this. But India looks like this.

The purpose is not to make you feel negative about India. We want to show you a mirror—how de ocracy can sometimes become a barrier to progress. How did China progress? Look at this graph. The red line is China's GDP and the blue line is India's GDP. By the 1980s, both countries were almost equal. But look at what happened after the 1980s. What happened that made China go so far ahead of India? China's total GDP is in trillions of dollars and ours is only a fraction of that. An average person in China earns many times more than in India.

Where did these differences start? Reforms and policies came to China with only one goal: export-oriented manufacturing. And to reach this goal, they removed hurdles one by one—like the hurdle of the judiciary, the hurdle of local government, or the hurdle of civil society. Here are the four factors of production: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. China solved the problem of land and capital with SEZs, that is, Special Economic Zones. China created Special Economic Zones and strategically developed underdeveloped areas like Shenzhen, which was once a fishing village. This brought in foreign investment, tax incentives were given, and regulations were reduced. Today, electronics for companies like Apple and Huawei are made in Shenzhen.

印度永远不可能像中国一样富裕。人们总在问，为什么中国发展得这么快，而印度作为全球最大的皿煮国家，却仍在苦苦挣扎？现实究竟是什么？印度仍远远落后于中国，而且两国之间的差距还在不断扩大。中国如今是这样的景象，而印度却是这样的景象。

我说这些，并非为了让大家对印度产生负面看法。我们只是想为大家照照镜子——看看皿煮有时如何会成为发展的阻碍。中国是如何实现发展的？到20世纪80年代时，两国的GDP水平还几乎持平。但看看80年代之后发生了什么？是什么让中国远远超过了印度？中国GDP总量已达数万亿美元，而我们印度GDP还不到中国的零头。中国普通人的收入，更是印度人的好几倍。

这些差距是从哪里开始的？中国推行的改革与政策只有一个核心目标：以出口为导向的制造业。为了实现这个目标，中国逐一清除了各类障碍——无论是司法层面的障碍、地方政府层面的障碍，还是公民社会层面的障碍。生产有四大要素：土地、劳动力、资本和企业家精神。中国通过经济特区解决了土地和资本问题。中国设立了经济特区，并对深圳这类曾是小渔村的欠发达地区进行战略性开发。这一举措吸引了大量外资，还提供了税收优惠，同时减少了各类监管限制。如今，苹果、华为等公司的电子产品，很多都是在深圳生产的。

Special Economic Zones exst in India too. But why don't they perform as well as those in China? This is not a coincidence, friends. This is the result of a carefully planned strategy—a strategy that does not change every 5 years.

Manufacturing versus services. China became the factory of the world. They make everything from iPhones to high-speed trains. Manufacturing creates millions of jobs and lifts entire populations out of poverty. India, on the other hand, focused on services—IT outsourcing, software. Yes, it is profitable, but it only benefits a small educated class. It does not create the same economic boom.

What is the difference between China and India? You can understand from this example: China built 40,000 kilometers of highway and railway infrastructure, which led to industrial growth. India also wants to improve its railways, but due to lack of land acquisition, the work is still incomplete.

印度也设有经济特区，但为何成效远不及中国的经济特区？朋友们，这并非偶然，而是精心规划战略的必然结果——这种战略不会每五年就发生改变。

再看制造业与服务业的差异。中国已然成为“世界工厂”，从iPhone手机到高速列车，各类产品均能自主生产。制造业创造了数百万个就业岗位，让数千万人口脱离了贫困。反观印度，其发展重心则放在了服务业上，以IT外包、软件业务为主。诚然，这类产业利润可观，但仅能惠及少数受过高等教育的群体，并不能像制造业那样带动整体经济的繁荣。

中国与印度的差距究竟体现在哪里？通过一个例子便能清晰理解：中国建成了总里程达4万公里的公路与铁路基础设施，为工业发展奠定了坚实基础；印度同样希望改善铁路系统，但受限于土地征收问题，相关工程至今仍未完工。

以下是印度网友的评论：

frankyleung8194
China is adopting a system which is a mix of socialism and capitalism. Is this good or not? What China looks like now gives you the answer!

中国正在实行一种社会主义与资本主义相融合的制度。这制度好不好？看看中国现在的经济繁荣，答案就出来了！

perile
More like socialism with a market economy. Market economy is not the same as capitalism. Capitalism, as the word already states, only serves the capital, not the people.

其实更应该叫社会主义市场经济。市场经济和资本主义不是一回事。资本主义，从名字就能看出来，只服务于资本，不服务于人民。

KianX112
Capital is a tool, socialism is the path

资本是一种工具，社会主义才是发展道路

jennyohara4011
Thanks for spreading the real News

感谢你传播这些真实的信息

coolwalk11
As an American I’m ashamed of our stupid American western de ocracy hypocrisy and shameful double standards. I support Chinas rise

我是美国人，但我为我们愚蠢的西方皿煮、虚伪的做派和可耻的双重标准感到丢人。我支持中国崛起

bingobingo530
I highly recommend you to read the book " America against America" by Chinese author meigou fandui .

我强烈推荐你读一本中国作者写的书，书名叫《美国反对美国》。

2B_1M
Come to india then, we have indian de ocracy here

那你就来印度吧，我们这儿有印度式皿煮

mohanramasamyso4lv
hey.... Are you serious? Or just joking away your time?

嘿，你这是认真的吗？还是就随便开玩笑打发时间呢？

2B_1M
what?? It's true, we have indian de ocracy here

什么啊？这是真的，我们这儿就是有印度式皿煮

mohanramasamyso4lv
Oh... Girl you got real guts

哦，姑娘，你可真有胆子

donkeykong516
The bold and trailblazer changes the world….be yourself

敢闯敢试的开拓者才能改变世界，做你自己就好

oliver3021k4o
China has a strong central government and a meritocratic system. The top officials are promoted from below. China eliminated the landlord class. The land belongs to everybody. It is easy for the central government to acquire the land for infrastructure projects. China started off providing basic education and medical care, and thus eliminated illiteracy and produced a large number of dedicated workers. There is one national language. Young people from rural areas all over the country can come to work in the same factory. India is a federation. Each state has its own language and cares about itself. The land is mostly in private hands. It is difficult for the central government to build infrastructure.

中国有强有力的中央政府，还有任人唯贤的制度。高层官员都是从基层提拔上来的。中国早就消灭了地主阶级，土地属于全体人民。这样一来，中央政府要征地搞基建就很容易。中国从一开始就普及基础教育和基础医疗，不仅扫除了文盲，还培养出了大批踏实肯干的劳动者。而且中国有统一的官方语言，全国各地的农村年轻人都能到同一家工厂打工。反观印度，它是联邦制国家，每个邦都有自己的语言，而且只关心自己的利益。印度的土地大多归私人所有，中央政府要搞基建征地难度很大。

Trueyesl2mr
There is no thing such as never. India can change, I recommend India import Chinese advanced waste recycling plants to solve its waste handling problems

没有什么事是绝对不可能的。印度是可以改变的，我建议印度引进中国先进的垃圾回收处理设备，解决自己的垃圾处理问题。

TheRandomnessk8k
I'm an American and I do hate the de ocratic system. It relies on an educated, informed populace which relies on media that is honest which are 3 things we don't have. Plus what you said, it's a stupid popularity contest.

我是美国人，但我真的很反感这种皿煮体制。民众得有文化，受过教育、了解实情，而这就需媒体的诚实宣传——可这三样我们都没有。而且就像你说的，这体制就是场愚蠢的拼人气的比赛。

ktulu5555
군주제의 절대룰은 지속성을 추구하고 무력에 대한 독점성을 추구하는 것입니다. 선량한 군주에 대한 기대치는 주사위 2개를 던저 한번 나올 확률입니다.

君主制的绝对原则，一是追求统治的持续性，二是追求对武力的垄断。想指望出现一位贤明的君主，概率就像掷两个骰子刚好掷出特定点数一样低。

donkeykong516
Got to speak in language and act in ways that the US understands. China’s courteous nature, is mistaken by the US as weakness

和美国打交道，就得用它能听懂的话、能看懂的方式。中国待人客气的态度，却被美国当成了软弱。

JJuo9tj
Please stop comparing India with China. It's an insult to an ancient civilization of Central Kingdom. Whereas Indian population came from plateau regions of Iran, invaded the current south Asia region, wiped out the aboriginal population who created ancient civilization, which you called "ancient Indian civilization". Your population never went through civilization, it shows from your current population, life style, and treatment of everyone!

别再把印度和中国比了。这对“中央王国”这样的古老文明是种侮辱。要知道，印度人是从伊朗高原迁过来的，他们入侵了现在的南亚地区，杀光了创造出古老文明的原住民——而你们把那文明称作“古印度文明”。你们这些人从来就没真正进入过文明社会，从你们现在的人口状况、生活方式，还有待人接物的态度上就能看出来！

panyaboonc5621
The caste system is the most uncivilized culture and human system. How could all humans beings are born innocent and born into this world the same way but are divided into different castes?

种姓制度是最不文明的文化和社会制度。所有人出生时都是无辜的，来到这个世界的方式也都一样，凭什么要被分成不同的种姓呢？

EshaanSaboo
@panyaboonc5621 today caste system only runs on the basis of reservation only RPM and prime minister are brought from low cost only what are you talking about

现在种姓制度也就只剩“预留制”还在实行了。我们的总统和总理都来自低种姓，你在胡说什么呢？

x4v
To become China, the first step is to accept the abuse, ridicule, demonization and accusations from the media all over the world. Once your country has chosen the path with the greatest potential, it also means that it is the most difficult one. If the rulers of India do not have such awareness, then don't daydream.

要想成为中国那样，第一步就得承受来自全球媒体的谩骂、嘲讽、抹黑和指责。一个国家选了潜力最大的发展道路，往往也意味着这条路最难走。如果印度的统治者连这点认知都没有，那就别做白日梦了。

D_2_M
Yes so true, hardship first then those suffering will end and you can enjoy the results

没错，太对了。先吃苦，等苦日子熬过去了，就能享受成果了。

EshaanSaboo
We people are accepting abuse demonetization from all the media all over the world People have so much racism to Indian that they are giving it to our culture and even are religion If Indian say a word he will called as a pajeet

我们印度人一直在承受全球媒体的谩骂，还有对“废钞令”的指责。很多人对印度人充满种族歧视，连我们的文化、甚至宗教都要攻击。印度人只要说一句话，就会被人叫做“pajeet”

thomasrogers9146
THE CHINESE DO NOT CARE ABOUT IDEOLOGY BRAND OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SYSTEM THEY ARE OBSESSED WITH RESULTS AND OUT COMES. US AMERICAN AND INDIANS ARE STUCK IN USELESS IDEOLOGY AND BRAND OF OUR POLITICAL SYSTEMS LIKE DEMOCRACY CAPITALISM. THE CHINESE ARE FOCUSED ON PROGRESS

中国人根本不在乎经济和政治体制的“意识形态标签”，他们只看重实际结果和成效。美国人和印度人却被困在没用的意识形态里，还执着于“民主”“资本主义”这类政治体制的标签。中国人则一心专注于发展进步。

1bhaihay
India is her worst enemy: Caste & class divisions, ethnic rivalries, no common goals to aspire to, to name but just a few problems

印度最大的敌人是它自己：种姓和阶级分裂、种族对立、没有共同追求的目标——这些只是其中几个问题而已。

derickgannon
Empathy .. we lack empathy. We think money solves all problems but never understand empathy creates solutions.

同理心，我们缺的就是同理心。我们总觉得钱能解决所有问题，却不明白同理心才能找到真正的解决办法。

greatmank9h
In the caste system only wealth, privilege, status, power and control matter. Any hook or by crook method to get these is considered perfectly OK by Indians.

在种姓制度里，只有财富、特权、地位、权力和掌控力才重要。印度人觉得，只要能得到这些，不管用什么不正当手段都没问题。

ola4393
@greatmank9h I would say countries that uses those to measure their values, bound to produce more that kind of unwanted behaviour in people, which is a vicious cycle building a toxc society full of these mentality.

我觉得，用这些东西来衡量价值的国家，必然会让民众滋生更多不良行为。这会形成恶性循环，最终造就一个满是这种扭曲心态的有毒社会。

VictorThangb5p
Lucky u can live in China forever. Luxury life

能一直住在中国，你太幸运了。过的都是好日子啊。

imosatsuma2056
You said it perfectly! In an electoral system, to win votes, candidates can promise anything and make lofty claims. However, after being elected, knowing that their term is only a few years or due to their own incompetence, they do nothing but focus on amassing wealth. As a result, the rich get richer while the poor get poorer.

你说得太对了！在选举制度里，候选人只要能拉到选票，什么承诺都敢许，什么大话都敢说。可一旦当选，要么知道自己任期就几年，要么就是本身没能力，结果什么实事都不干，就只想着捞钱。最后只能是富的更富，穷的更穷。

x4v
The West has locked its technology and patented techniques in a "safe", yet it generously exports "de ocracy" to you. You really should think more about the purpose behind it. The development process of each country is different. The economies of most Western countries rose through the wealth of their colonies. They started from a high point and their social operations had a large tolerance for mistakes, so they could withstand the chaos of the "de ocratic" system. But now the West is generally begng to decline.

西方国家把自己的技术和专利像锁在“保险箱”里一样藏着，却大方地给你们“输出皿煮”。你们真该多想想这背后的目的。每个国家的发展历程都不一样。大多数西方国家的经济，都是靠掠夺殖民地财富才发展起来的。它们起点高，社会运行对错误的容忍度也高，所以能承受住“皿煮”制度带来的混乱。但现在西方整体在走下坡路。

930lk
India civilisation used to be on par with China until the British colonial came. Now India leaders only thinking about the next 5 election years. Any long term plan get undone if the government got replaced.

在英国殖民之前，印度文明曾经和中国不相上下。可现在印度的领导人，眼里只盯着未来五年的选举。只要政府换届，之前的任何长期规划都会泡汤。

426mak
It can but it needs a few things: 1) Dismantle the caste system in practice as well as on paper. This will give India access to a huge potential talent pool. 2) Have strict laws protecting women and enforce them. This will greatly increase the workforce and improve its international image. 3) Heavy infrastructure investment. 4) Develop a strong work ethics

印度不是不行，但得做到这几点：1）不仅要在法律条文上，更要在实际中废除种姓制度。这样印度才能发掘出庞大的潜在人才库。2）制定严格的妇女保护法，并切实执行。这能大幅增加劳动力，还能改善印度的国际形象。3）加大对基础设施的投资。4）培养强烈的职业道德。

2B_1M
Our laws are already one of the most biased, now you want what?? Yes, the situation is still bad here, but maybe it's this way because people already don't care about consequences, becouse there's no value in their life already, weather they're free or behind the bars it's the same for them. So maybe the important thing to do is to create more jobs, economic opportunities...if they have something they'll fear losing it

我们的法律已经够偏向（保护特定群体）了，你还想怎样？没错，现在情况确实还很糟，但之所以会这样，可能是因为人们已经不在乎后果了——他们觉得自己的人生没什么价值，不管是自由身还是蹲监狱，对他们来说都一样。所以或许当务之急是创造更多工作机会、更多经济机遇。只要他们有了在乎的东西，就会害怕失去。

yogenale6096
Assumed if Modi, his followers, Arnab, Palki & powerful Godi Media etc are true, then, India is on par with China if not overtaken already. It is widely and wildly celebrated everyday proclaiming India being a VishwaGuru, Superpower and among the richest economies of the world. How dare people like us with facts dare say India growth can never be like China!

要是莫迪、他的支持者、阿尔纳布（印度知名媒体人）、帕尔基（印度女记者），还有那些有影响力的支持政府的媒体说的是真的，那印度就算没超过中国，也已经和中国不相上下了。每天都有人大肆宣扬印度是“世界导师”、是超级大国、是全球最富有的经济体之一，搞得好像多大的成就似的。可我们这些拿事实说话的人，居然敢说印度永远达不到中国的发展水平，这胆子也太大了吧！

tehcsiewdai89
Religion and poor education is the biggest barrier for India. I am Hindu but I hate how religion has been made a public business in the country.

宗教和落后的教育是印度最大的障碍。我本身是印度教徒，但我讨厌国内把宗教搞得像一门公开的生意一样。

hsheuw
Now that you mention Shenzhen. a somewhat interesting fact here.. Its native residents are Hakka which are the exact same Chinese that settles in Colcatta China Town.

既然你提到了深圳，这里有个挺有意思的事。深圳的原住民是客家人，而定居在加尔各答唐人街的中国人，也正是客家人。

hsheuw
I take it that you also have those Colcatta Hakkas as your friend perhaps..?

我猜，你或许也认识那些住在加尔各答的客家人朋友吧？

davidrichards1741
70% of buildings in china are empty, and half of them are literally crumbling now

中国70%的建筑都是空置的，而且现在有一半的建筑其实都在逐渐坍塌。

willengel2458
you are an Indian living outside of India. as an Indian looking from outside looking in, do you know what India's problems are?

你是个生活在印度境外的印度人。以一个“局外人看家乡”的印度人的视角，你知道印度的问题出在哪吗？

RMqw3xz
According to Indians, China is jealous of India because China's economy is crashing while India's economy is doing exceedingly well.

在印度人看来，中国是在嫉妒印度。因为他们觉得中国经济正在崩溃，而印度经济却发展得特别好。