How China outsmarted Europe and the US on rare earths | Business Beyond

中国如何在稀土领域智取欧美

Europe needs rare earths - for its industrial base , for the transition to green technology, and for its defence. But China controls the supply, from mining all the way through to the end use stage. Beiing has begun to wield this strategic influence, raising questions about Europe's need and ability to find its own critical minerals.

欧洲需要稀土——为了工业基础，为了向绿色技术转型，也为了国防。但中国掌控着从开采到终端应用的整个供应链。中国已开始动用这一战略影响力，这让人们不禁质疑：欧洲是否有必要、又是否有能力找到自己的关键矿产来源？

以下是各国网友的评论：

BabajideOdeleye

So China didn't restrict export until US and EU placed tariffs. So blaming China is hypocritical. You can't start a fight and blame the other side for retaliation

所以美国和欧盟加征关税后，中国才限制出口稀土。现在指责中国，太虚伪了。你先挑起争端，还怪对方反击？

good2go619

China didn't restrict rare earth export ONLY after tariffs placed on US and EU. This was done after the US already had a chip export ban. US and China worked out an initial trade deal, but the U.S. started deporting all China's university students and then threatened "sanctions" on any country that used China's chips.

中国限制稀土出口，不光是因为美欧加征关税。美国先出台芯片出口禁令，中国才这么做的。中美原本达成了初步贸易协议，可美国却开始驱逐中国留学生，还威胁说任何使用中国芯片的国家都会遭到“制裁”。

yeah2011bb

Bullies always cry when they get punched back… it’s just not fair!

霸凌者挨了打就哭，太不公平了！

shivbaba2672

Europeans used to pick pocket the Africans and Asians for 400 years and continued to during the cold war. Now Asia and Africa two pick pocketers, that was alright, but the ego is absolutely reticulous

欧洲人400年来一直在抢非洲和亚洲的东西，冷战期间也没停。现在亚非开始反击了，他们就受不了，这也太可笑了。

JooMike-Hi

Hypocrisy is the epitaph of European politicians, and their main task is to make 'dad' happy.

虚伪是欧洲政客的墓志铭，他们的主要任务就是讨好“爸爸”（美国）。

InACrazyWorld

China should be awarded a nobel peace prize for not selling rare earth materials to warmonger countries!!

中国不给好战国家卖稀土，应该得诺贝尔和平奖！

twenty4wave554

Its the Isreal Zoinist Playbook..Attack and blame the victim for retaliation..Same as the American police hurt the citizen and blame them for retaliating

这是以色列犹太复国主义者的套路。先动手，再怪受害者反击。就像美国警察打伤市民，还怪人家反抗。

NewAmericanIn2007

not only after American tariff but also export embargo on Advanced Semiconductors and Chipmaking Equipment etc.

不光是因为美国加关税，还因为他们对先进半导体和芯片制造设备等实施禁运。

수포자의철학놀이4

Not true. Cascading solvent extraction was developed in Germany during 1890s. Remember that most rare earth elements were discovered by Germany and Sweden in 1890s. All mixer settlers, phase controllers used in China were bought from the French company that China acquired in 1980s to get technology transfer.

级联溶剂萃取技术是19世纪90年代在德国研发的。要知道，大多数稀土元素都是19世纪90年代由德国和瑞典发现的。中国使用的所有混合澄清器、相控制器，都是20世纪80年代中国收购法国公司时买来的，为的是获取技术转移。

SGam-t9v

Keep blaming China, China and China, hypocrites

一个劲儿怪中国、中国、中国，伪君子。

binmo1984

Banning China is ok Ohhh, how dare the Chinese fighting back

禁中国的东西就没事，哦，中国人居然敢反击？

williamzhu3244

the rare earths is way too cheap and too easy to buy. it is time to make them 500% more expensive then everyone will jump in the business

稀土太便宜、太好买了。该涨价500%，到时候大家就都来做这生意了。

baronvonjo1929

Europeans especially love to yap about pollution but have no problems exporting pollution overseas.

欧洲人尤其爱嚷嚷污染问题，却把污染产业转移到国外，毫无顾忌。

jasonmonge9969

You nailed it. Double standards

说得太对了。双重标准。

hehe-mq2bk

i support China in this. in fact if I were China I would've imposed rates earths restrictions on the US and EU YEARS ago when they first tariffed me. China is too patient and civilized to have waited this long

这事我支持中国。其实要是我是中国，几年前他们一开始加关税时，就该对美欧限制稀土了。中国太有耐心、太文明了，居然等了这么久。

cthomas9071

Like those day's Russia, isn't China (never stop) dreaming of "west" small brother West need de ocratic freedom and vote the elites with high cost energy n empty stomach NO? Yes?

就像当年的俄罗斯，中国是不是也一直梦想着让西方当“小弟”？

sneakymove

China has always been wise in business, but it was the Americans and European that taught China how to weaponize trade in the name of NATIONAL SECURITY. What goes around comes around.

中国做生意向来精明，但把贸易以“国家安全”名义武器化，是美国和欧洲教中国的。出来混，迟早要还的。

csn10

And western business schools continue to preach 'economies of scale' , meaning that we only need a handful of factories around the world that are the most efficient in that field. Efficient = cheap labour + low environmental standards + boosting next quarter profits to improve bonuses and shareholder value.

西方商学院还在鼓吹“规模经济”，意思是全球只要有几个该领域最高效的工厂就行。高效=廉价劳动力+低环保标准+提高下季度利润，好让奖金和股东价值增加。

csn10

All this, in a world of protectionist countries with a vision for their future, to which they tailor their industrial policies for the long term.

这一切，都发生在一个保护主义国家林立的世界里，这些国家有未来愿景，会制定适合自己的长期产业政策。

WongPeter-tx7qq

"it was the Americans and European that taught China how to weaponize trade" but that doesn't explain why the Chinese were able to predict the importance of rare earth minerals 4 decades ago and started investing heavily back then on the mining, processing and refining of those minerals.

“是美国和欧洲教会中国如何将贸易武器化”，但这解释不了为什么中国人四十多年前就能预见稀土的重要性，还从那时就大力投资稀土的开采、加工和提炼。

891delta

Love China for issuing world peace by limiting rare earths for military use to US and EU

中国限制对美欧的军用稀土供应，维护了世界和平，太赞了。

markfan7648

That's unfair. No one is stop the eu to develop its own rare earth resources, why blame others for your own shortcomings.

这不公平。没人阻止欧盟开发自己的稀土资源，为什么要因为自己不行就怪别人。

hien323fable

China didn't outsmarted EU and US.
They just had a stable government, which had clear objectives and goals, with deadlines.
As opposed to so called 'de ocractic' government which changes every 4-5 years and talk about doing this or that, but rarely does.

中国不是智取了欧美。他们只是有个稳定的政府，目标明确，还有时间规划。不像其他国家的政府，四五年就换一届，说要干这干那，却很少真动手。

han187

These were all business. EU have ask for it when they put up sanction on China.

这都是生意上的事。欧盟制裁中国，这是自找的。

BradHuang-f4c

Who and which countries started the restrictions first, huh? Get your facts straight.

到底是谁、哪个国家先开始搞限制的，啊？把事实搞清楚。

bvang8370

I'm surprised to hear Germany said "China outsmarted EU". As many have already pointed out. The US/west started it. It was the US that placed a 145% tariff on China so China retaliated with a lower tariff of 125% and restricted rare earths and the west cried foul.

听到德国媒体说“中国智取了欧盟”，我挺惊讶的。很多人都指出了，是美国/西方先挑事的。美国先对中国加征145%的关税，中国才反击，加征125%的关税，还限制了稀土，结果西方就喊冤。

amysthamiyuki2316

Rare earths restriction should reduced military production and contribute to the world peace

China should receive the Nobel Peace Prize by limiting the supply of Rare Earths to the Military Industrial Complex

限制稀土应该能减少武器生产，为世界和平做贡献。

中国限制对军工复合体的稀土供应，应该得诺贝尔和平奖。

clearheaded5696

The Chinese invested in their rare earth production for 40 years to enjoy a total independence for their industry. And for once US and Europe are no more complaining about their production "Over Capacity" on rare earth, strange isn’t it?

中国人花了四十年投资稀土生产，就是为了让自己的产业完全自主。而这一次，美国和欧洲不再抱怨中国稀土“产能过剩”了，是不是很奇怪？

jamonja

US and EU industry wanted to get rare earth minerals as cheaply as possible, and China was obviously going to be the lowest cost producer. They didn't expect the current geopolitical situation, and now they are paying the price

美欧企业想以最低的价格买到稀土，而中国显然是成本最低的生产国。他们没料到现在的地缘政治局势，现在自食其果了。

hahinchoudhury8256

it started when ASML was banned from selling to its largest customer & EU complied with US ban.

这一切始于阿斯麦被禁止向最大客户（中国）出售产品，而欧盟还配合了美国的禁令。

JDAng-i4g

West always emphasizes what China restricts but doesn't talk about what America and EU have restricted to China - NVIDIA Chips, ASML lithography machines. Hahaha.

西方总强调中国限制了什么，却不提美国和欧盟对中国的限制——英伟达芯片、阿斯麦光刻机。哈哈哈。

VampireA-Oni

Living with the colonial mindset and still think you can take anything at anytime. Time to wake up, you're not only have to pay a fair price, but also need to ask nicely.

抱着殖民心态，还以为自己能随时拿走任何东西。该醒醒了，你们不仅得付合理的价钱，还得好好商量。

GameChanger-cr4hx

China should have the right to request where these rare earths are going and what they are used for and who their customers are....given that they are used for weapons manufacturing. US and their allies banned Huawei, sale of chips and lithography to Chinese companies on the same principles.

既然稀土会被用来制造武器，中国有权询问这些稀土的去向、用途和买家。美国及其盟友以同样的理由禁止向中国公司出售华为产品、芯片和光刻机。

roopnarayanpradhan-lalitap6302

I belong to one of the poorest nation. I was using China made Huawei smart phone. It was equally as good as other big names. However, affordable in comparison to similar one. Unfortunately, US sanction on Huawei caused Android system to stop updating its softwares for Huawei. This has almost made Huawei phones useless. China is very patient and calm in reacting to such nasty behaviour of US and the EU. Now i do not feel sorry for restricting rare earth materials to those who once sanctioned China or tried to decoupled ( later soften the tone to derisk) from China. Its called " KARMA"

我来自一个最贫穷的国家。我之前用的是中国产的华为手机，和其他大牌一样好，而且比同类机型便宜。可惜，美国制裁华为，导致安卓系统停止为华为手机更新软件，这几乎让华为手机变废了。中国对美欧这种恶劣行为的反应非常有耐心，也很冷静。现在他们限制对那些曾经制裁中国、或试图与中国脱钩（后来又改口说要“去风险”）的国家的稀土供应，我一点也不觉得可惜。这就叫“因果报应”。

tsquare5111

Europe throws rocks.
China put up shield.
Europe cries, that's unfair.

欧洲扔石头。

中国举盾牌。

欧洲大喊，这不公平。

pDdsqggcfg

According to the BBC investigation, rare earth mining is a high-energy-consuming and high-polluting industry, which will cause great environmental pollution to the local. For every tonne (metric ton) of rare earth metals mined, approxmately 2,000 metric tons of toxc waste is generated. For the same reason Serbia had massive protests occurred when rare earths were to be mined Last year.
If the EU or US is willing to develop it, it will be great. This shows that it is difficult to accuse others of high energy consumption sitting in the comfort of the office on the one hand, but still want cheap minerals on the other hand

据BBC调查，稀土开采是高耗能、高污染产业，会对当地造成严重环境污染。每开采一吨稀土金属，大约会产生2000吨有毒废料。正因如此，去年塞尔维亚要开采稀土时，爆发了大规模抗议。

如果欧盟或美国愿意自己开发稀土，那挺好的。这说明，一边舒舒服服坐在办公室里指责别人高耗能，一边又想要廉价矿产，这是说不通的。

johnwayne8475

China has produced these rare earths for decades, a job which no one else wanted to do because its difficult with little rewards. China would have continued doing this for the world if the US did not bully them using trade restrictions and tariffs. Did you expect China to just continue to be bullied and not defend itself?

中国生产稀土几十年了，这活儿没人愿意干，因为难度大、回报少。如果美国不用贸易限制和关税来欺负中国，中国会继续为世界生产稀土。你难道指望中国一直被欺负，不还手吗？

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