Why Do Vietnamese People Have Chinese Surnames?

越南人为何有中国姓氏？

Names such as Nguyễn, Trần, Lê, Phạm, Huỳnh, Võ, Phan, Đặng, Bùi, and Hồ are deeply connected to Vietnam’s long and fascinating history but does having a Chinese-origin surname mean that a Vietnamese person is ethnically Chinese?

阮、陈、黎、范、黄、武、潘、邓、裴、胡等这些姓氏来自中国，与越南悠久而丰富的历史紧密相连。但拥有中国姓氏，是否就代表这名越南人是华裔？

将近两千年里，如今越南所在的土地和古代中华王朝的联系紧密。在很长一段时间，越南北部由中国王朝管辖。中原官吏带来中国式的行政体系，汉字成为文书、律法、教育使用的文字。儒家学堂向当地精英传授汉学，同时也不断有华人移民到此定居。

即便越南重新独立之后，当时的越南统治者并没有全盘抛弃这套制度，而是将其化为己用。这是核心：越南人的姓氏源自汉字，不等于这个人属于汉族

公元前111年，中国当时强大的汉朝征服南越国，如今越南北部大片土地纳入中原王朝统治。这不是短期管辖，之后数百年历任中原王朝先后管辖这片区域；这段1000年的时期，越南史称北属时期，一直持续到公元938年，越南将领在白藤江取得胜利。公元939年，越南建立。

从中越两国的古老渊源，到越南社会与民族认同的形成，这段故事告诉我们：一个简简单单的姓氏背后，藏着多少厚重历史。

越南人的姓氏深受中国文化影响，‌约 38%的人口姓阮‌，前三大姓氏阮、陈、黎占总人口近60%。

三泰虎网注：根据越南政府的统计数据，越南主要姓氏占比如下：

‌阮（Nguyễn）‌：约占越南人口的38.4%，为全球第四大姓氏 。

‌陈（Trần）‌：约占占越南人口的11%。

‌黎（Lê）‌：约占占越南人口的9.5%。

‌范（Phạm）‌：约占占越南人口的7%。

‌黄/胡（Hoàng/Huỳnh）‌：约占5%

以下是各国网友的评论：

James-mc5hc
Vietnamese and Chinese have the same sino tibetan maternal and paternal DNA showing Chinese and Vietnamese are of the same blood link and the same people.

越南人和中国人有着相同的汉藏系母系、父系基因，说明两国人民血脉相通，是同一个族群。

Heidi-k8u4q
That is genetically correct, because it's based on historical facts.

从基因层面来讲，你这个说法是对的，它有历史事实作为依据。

 

cudanmang_theog
​ @Heidi-k8u4q Vietnamese are Austroasiatics and are far more related to Indian languages like Khasi and Santali

越南人属于南亚语人群。与其说与中国人关系近，实际上他们和卡西语、桑塔利语这类印度语言的亲缘关系要近得多。

 

James-mc5hc
In fact the Chinese and Vietnamese have similar cultural practices and celebrations.

实际上，中国人和越南人的生活习俗、传统节日都很相似。

 

Heidi-k8u4q
And to the Chinese, a person is a Han Chinese if that person speaks Chinese and practices Chinese culture. The "Vietnamese" spoke and wrote in Chinese for a thousand years in addition to having Chinese genes.

在中国人看来，只要会说汉语、传承中华文化，就是汉人。古代越南人不光带有中国基因，还使用汉语读写长达上千年。

 

steve71123
Vietnam has the same festival as the China eg. Chinese new year, mid autumn festival, dragon boat festival, tomb swee festival andkitchen god festival. And finally the animal zodiacs except cat and rabbit.

越南和中国过着一样的传统节日，比如双方都有过春节、中秋节、端午节、清明节、灶王节。生肖体系也大体相同，只是越南十二生肖中有猫，而中国有兔子，其他的生肖是相同的。

 

mikeng.4121
Cờ Đỏ Sao Vàng là cờ của tỉnh Phúc Kiến Trung quốc (1933) !

金星红旗是1933年中国福建省的旗帜！

 

clovertechdev4243
Vietnamese don't admit they are an ethnic of Chinese origin. My Vietnamese friend has his old family tree written in Chinese. The high classy Vietnamese poems are Chinese that the Vietnamese called " chữ nho". For example:ming bạch =明白，đồng ý =同意，khai môn =开门，hoa=花...

越南人不承认自己是源自中国的民族。我有位越南朋友，他家的家谱是用汉字写的。越南古代高雅诗文就是用汉字书写的，越南人称之为儒字。举几个例子：ming bạch =明白，đồng ý =同意，khai môn =开门，hoa=花

 

CommonSenses101
Vietnamese back then used Chinese written language, not Latin words. Therefore, their last names are Chinese related. Vietnamese still use Chinese written characters to these days. You can see them in North, Central and South Vietnam, even in their villages.

古时候越南人使用汉字书写，不是用拉丁文字。所以他们的姓氏和汉字有关。直到今天越南还能见到汉字，在越南北部、中部、南部，就连乡村里都能看到。

 

jerryliewkenyon9755
Doesn’t matter. Just acknowledge and respect each other cultures. Very comfortable to assimilate to each other lifestyle given similar history

这些争论不重要。互相认可、尊重彼此文化就好。因为历史相近，双方很容易接纳对方的生活方式。

 

tommydong8070
My grandparents are mainland Chinese. They immigrated to northern VN, and my dad was born there in 1937. He married my mom who is Viet.

Vietnamese culture is similar to Chinese due to its history. What I dislike about VN now is it copies things from around the world, and with their idolization of China, and now Korea culture.

我的祖父母是中国大陆人，很久以前移民到越南北部。我父亲1937年在越南出生，后来娶了越南女人。

受历史影响，越南文化和中国文化很像。越南有一点让我不太喜欢，就是这个国家到处借鉴其他国家的文化，先是追捧中国文化，现在又追捧韩国文化。

 

tommack8964
Vietnamese last name spelling used Cantonese spelling not mandarin. It was bac Viet in southern China at the time. Vietnam was part of the Bac Viet means hundred Viet communities.

越南姓氏的拼写是粤语读音，不是普通话读音。当年中国南部这片区域叫百越。越南属于百越地区，百越的意思是众多越人部落。

 

MustercookAngelaTiagoloumo
If you keep thinking about modern drawn border and countries boundaries then you are box in. People have been moving around the world for thousands of years. Passport and customs is a modern thing, people trade, move and settle down for various reasons.

如果你一直用现代划定的国界来看历史，思路就会受限。几千年来人类一直在各地迁徙。护照、海关都是现代产物，古人会因为各种原因经商、迁徙、定居。

 

QuyenNguyen-jo1ld
yes, but the Chinese is running a propaganda that says Vietnamese are Chinese descendants so China has the pretext to annex Vietnam. That's why the Chinese trolls go on Viet social media to say that Viet surnames are Chinese in origins because they allege that the Viet came from China.

是这样，但中国人在做宣传，声称越南人是中国人后裔，以此为借口吞并越南。所以才有很多中国网络喷子跑到越南社交平台，说越南姓氏源自中国，宣称越人来自中国。

 

choonhockong8215
The French colonised Vietnam and forced them to abolish Chinese characters. The French introduced Anglican words and names.

The real warmongering countries were from the Western countries like Uk, French, Spaniards, US, Dutch.

法国殖民越南的时候，强迫越南废除汉字。法国人在越南引入拉丁文字，还有新的名称写法。

真正到处挑起战争的是西方国家，比如英国、法国、西班牙、美国、荷兰。

 

dciluther-w3t
Vietnam, Korean, Japan used to be a type of people living thousand of years ago in the land where we call " China" today. It was Thousands of Small Countries until one conquered the others and spread. The Vietnameses, Koreans, Japaneses are not Chineses yet they shared similar cultures. Same thing like in Europe, Italians, Germans and French for exemples have similarities but not the same people, they have their own languages and cultures. I have Chineses friends and they say, one village to another is another language hence they China impose mandarin so everyone can understand each others. Even in China today, you can still see ethnic minorities.

几千年前，越南、朝鲜、日本族群的先民，都生活在如今叫做“中国”的这片土地上。当年这里有成千上万个小国，直到其中一个国家征服其他部落并向外扩张。越南人、朝鲜人、日本人不是中国人，只是文化相近。就像欧洲，意大利人、德国人、法国人文化有相似之处，但并不是同一个民族，都有自己的语言与文化。我有中国朋友，他们说以前隔一个村子语言就不一样，所以中国推行普通话，方便大家互相沟通。就算到现在，中国境内依然有少数族群。

 

jgwizo
At times people are compromised to the extend that they fail to know the Asians are represented numerically to be a dominant society. At times one must imagine historical cycle where discrimination dominated and is gradually declining. We are likely to witness that humans are embracing equality.

人们有时会陷入偏见，殊不知亚洲人口众多，是体量庞大的群体。回看历史长河，歧视曾经大行其道，但如今正在慢慢减少。我们或许能亲眼见到人类走向平等。

 

LoC28C
One other reason also could be that there has been intermarriage between Chinese and local Vietnamese people for over a thousand years too.

还有一个原因：一千多年来，华人与越南本土居民一直存在通婚。

 

tarScream-r8i
Dai Viet was established in 917 by Lưu Nham (Liu Yan) One year later, Lưu Nham changed Dai Viet name to Southern Han (917-971)

大越由刘䶮在917年建立。一年之后，刘䶮将大越改名为南汉（917–971）。

Tieu-h1e
Not really. Vietnam is literally a bunch of han generals conquer what today is vietnamn

并不是这样。简单来说，现在的越南这片土地，当年是一批汉人将领征服下来的。

 

VietDynamicChannel
Chỉ có 30% cư dân Việt Nam gốc thời Hùng Vương, 40% gốc từ Trung Quốc ngày nay mà họ đã di cư sang trong hơn 2500 năm.. 30% còn lại gốc nam đảo

越南居民里，只有三成是雄王时代的原住民；四成是2500多年里，从如今中国地区迁徙过来的人；剩下三成来自南岛族群。

 

trungson6604
Before the English people migrated to North America, the Native Americans were Cherokee, Cheyenne, Sioux, Navajo, Sitting Bull, Eagles, etc and they were red skinned....But now, the North Americans are Smith, Jones, Spencer, Lewis, Meredith, Howard, etc....and they look like Europeans with white skin.

英国人迁入北美之前，当地原住民是切罗基、夏延、苏族、纳瓦霍等部落，还有坐牛、伊格尔这些人，他们是红皮肤的人。但现在北美人很多姓史密斯、琼斯、斯宾塞、刘易斯、梅雷迪思、霍华德这类姓氏，外貌是白人，和欧洲人一样。

 

BonT357
Ancient Chinese surnames were tribe names originally. Later, they became patriarchal, and adopted surnames as well.

中国上古的姓氏最早是部落名称。后来社会发展到父权制，人们才普遍使用姓氏。

 

thumtlnguyen3626
Because some Vietnamese are actually Chinese like my father in law. His parents came to VIetnam from Shanghai in 1941 and he was born in Vietnam and got married to a Vietnamese woman. So my wife is half Chinese, she has her father's Chinese surname and she does have single eye lid.

有些越南人本身就是华人，我的岳父就是这样。他的父母1941年从上海来到越南，岳父在越南出生，后来娶了一位越南女子。所以我的妻子有一半华人血统，沿用了她父亲的中国姓氏，而且是单眼皮。

 

vagrantofthesouth9431
Everyone usually just talks about China and Vietnam sharing last names, but if you look at the Hmong, Lao, and Tai peoples, they all share that same pool of single-syllable surnames. What's crazy is that northern Chinese two-syllable names like Gongsun, Donggu, Sima, Zhuge, or iahou are totally missing from Southern Chinese, Vietnamese, Hmong, and Tai nomenclature of top 100 most common surnames. Something to think about.

大家在这里讨论中国和越南有相同姓氏，但如果你看看苗族、老挝人、泰族群，他们也都有大量单字姓氏。有意思的是，公孙、东郭、司马、诸葛、夏侯这类中国北方复姓，在中国南方、越南、苗族、泰族群的前一百大常用姓氏里完全找不到。这一点值得思考。