半导体将成为下一个石油，印度在这场竞争中处于什么位置

Semiconductor is the next OIL & Where India Stands Today in the race? ft. Ashwini Vaishnaw | IBP 51

阿什维尼·韦什瑙：半导体将成为下一个石油，印度在这场竞争中处于什么位置

The semiconductor industry regards India as a key reliable partner in the global value chain, and India aims to become a major semiconductor powerhouse. Semiconductors are a foundational industry supporting electronics, automotive and other manufacturing sectors, and hold decisive influence over modern geopolitics, as countries controlling chip supply chains gain major global leverage. The global chip shortage during the pandemic also exposed the risks of relying on imported semiconductors.

India once missed early chances to develop semiconductor manufacturing, but has now launched a dedicated semiconductor mission to build a complete industrial ecosystem covering chip design, fabrication, and ATMP (assembly, testing, manufacturing and packaging). India boasts strong chip design capabilities, with global tech firms including Intel, AMD and Nvidia running large design teams locally, and holding around 20% of the world’s semiconductor design talent.

当前全球半导体行业均将印度视为全球价值链中至关重要的可靠合作伙伴，而印度自身也立志成为全球半导体强国。半导体作为支撑电子、汽车等诸多制造业领域的基础性核心产业，在现代地缘政治格局中拥有决定性影响力，掌控芯片供应链的国家能够在全球范围内掌握重大话语权，而疫情期间爆发的全球芯片短缺危机，也彻底暴露了过度依赖半导体进口所潜藏的巨大风险。

印度早年曾错失发展半导体制造业的先机，如今该国已正式启动专项半导体发展计划，致力于打造涵盖芯片设计、晶圆制造以及封装测试（ATMP）在内的完整产业生态体系。印度拥有极为突出的芯片设计实力，英特尔、超威半导体、英伟达等全球科技巨头均在印度设立了大规模设计团队，全球约20%的半导体设计人才都汇聚于此。

以下是印度网友的评论：

paragsarma3924
Finely a minister who has deep knowledge and experience in his field.

终于有一位部长，在自己的领域里既懂行、又有经验。

ArchanaHome-l8j
Hardly deep. Semiconductor manufacturing is impossible without asml like machines. We need create that layer

根本不算懂行。没有阿斯麦那样的光刻机，根本造不了半导体。我们得先搞定这个关键环节。

MihirSanjayYadav
First railways, now manufacturing; if done 100%, Vaishnaw will be remembered big in the history.

先是负责铁路，现在又抓制造业。要是能做到尽善尽美，韦什瑙一定会被载入史册。

shabazshaikh8370
At least ministers able to speak in field of science and technology. At least a begng

至少这位部长能聊科技领域的事，总算有个好开头了。

devasy-patel
Bro he did mtech from IIT Kanpur, and cleared upsc with AIR 27. So that's impressive for an Indian minister. Education is so skewed in our parliament rn

兄弟，他是坎普尔理工学院的硕士，还以全印度第27名的成绩通过了公务员考试。作为印度部长，这履历太亮眼了。现在我们议会里，议员的文化水平实在差太多了。

Kaali-
A question was asked in Parliament in 2015-16 by P Chidambaram, whether a small vegetable seller can use online payments for daily transactions of 2rs, 10rs. And we all know the answer to that. So yes, India will become the top semiconductor ecosystem in the next decade.

2015到2016年期间，奇丹巴拉姆在议会问过一个问题：小摊贩能不能用移动支付处理2卢比、10卢比的日常交易？现在答案大家都知道了。所以没错，未来十年，印度一定会成为顶尖的半导体生态强国。

rakeshmahuli
I am so proud about how our minister knows what to be done and what are the gaps today and our govt is trying fix these gaps.. this is how detailed every minister should work in their own dept.. I salute Modi ji to bring such experts in his cabinet..

我太自豪了，我们的部长清楚该做什么、现在存在哪些短板，而且政府也在努力弥补这些短板。每个部长都该这样，在自己的部门里深耕细作、事事细致。向莫迪总理致敬，把这样的专家纳入内阁。

balajee82
Rare to see a Minister having this much knowledge in their field. Very adorable.

很少能见到对自己领域这么精通的部长，太让人敬佩了。

aryan_rodriuge
Ashwini vaishnaw is fucking intelligent. We need more ministers like him.

阿什维尼·韦什瑙太聪明了，我们需要更多这样的部长。

girirajrathore8067
All ministets are smarts only people is fool

所有部长都很聪明，只有老百姓才是傻子。

veernair
all are ministers are intelligent. it is just that people see reels made by leftist, see their interviews and discussions they know their subjects very well. no other party in this world except for Singapore has such a cabinet

所有部长都很有智慧，只是人们总看左翼制作的短视频。去看他们的采访和讨论就知道，他们对自己的领域非常精通。除了新加坡，世界上没有任何一个政党有这样的内阁。

noidavibes.7
To execute the Semiconductor Industry in India We have to invest billions of Dollars in Semiconductor R&D

要在印度发展半导体产业，我们必须投入数十亿美元用于半导体研发。

patrickgz
r&d comes after mastering exsting technology process requirement. land, water, energy and other infrastructure requirements will already need billions of investment.

得先掌握现有的技术流程，再谈研发。光是土地、水、能源和其他基础设施，就需要投入数十亿美元了。

skamjadullah
First step is to have a strong foundation on legacy nodes before going for advance nodes... That's the rule for every newbie in semiconductor field... Because setting up foundries for advance nodes requires 3-5 times more investments, risk for operating foundries of advance nodes is quite high.... 1 hour halt in operation means losses worth millions of USD So, don't expect any magic.. It will take atleast 5 yrs from here for india to even think to go for advanced nodes. First target is to operationalize Tata Semiconductor fab at dholera in next 2-3 yrs...

第一步，得先把成熟制程的基础打牢，再去搞先进制程。这是半导体领域所有新手都要遵循的规则。因为建先进制程的晶圆厂，投资要多3到5倍，运营风险也特别高。停产一小时，损失就高达数百万美元。所以别指望有什么奇迹，印度至少还需要5年时间，才有资格考虑先进制程。当前的首要目标，是未来2到3年内，让多赫拉的塔塔半导体晶圆厂投产。

ujarisivaram.
At least the government is trying, right? If we can't trust our own country, then who can we trust? So, believe in them. I know we can't compare to Taiwan at this time, but in the future, semiconductors will be a major industry and could also become a weapon to control other nations' interests, using it as leverage to make better dealsAlso, I hope our government will look for rare earth materials and processing technology so that India can at least become self-sufficient. Forget about exporting for now; we need to be self-sufficient first so that we don't have to depend on other nations.

至少政府在努力，不是吗？如果连自己的国家都不能信任，那我们还能信任谁？所以，相信他们吧。我知道现在我们还比不上台湾，但未来，半导体将会成为核心产业，甚至能成为掌控其他国家利益的武器，用它作为筹码，争取更有利的合作条件。另外，我希望政府能重视稀土材料和加工技术，让印度至少实现自给自足。现在先别想着出口，先做到不依赖其他国家再说。

ShrutiTiwari-om3rr
Exactly but of course we indian only seeking validation from others

说得对，但我们印度人就是这样，总想着要得到别人的认可。

Tyler_Durden-l5k
Exactly Bro We compare India with Taiwan which started working on this industry decades ago. We compare Bharat with China in every sector but China began its LPG reforms much earlier than us. So yes we still have work to do. And one day we will be on the top just like we are in the space sector

没错兄弟。我们总拿印度和几十年前就开始搞半导体的台湾比，不管哪个领域，都要拿印度和中国比，但中国的改革开放比我们早多了。所以我们确实还有很多工作要做，但总有一天，我们会像在太空领域一样，站在世界顶端。

aryansinha4771
This is the first time I have seen some minister who understands it deeply and can explain it easily to everyone

这是我第一次见到，有部长既懂行，又能把专业知识讲得通俗易懂，让所有人都能听明白。

dr.d.rajasekharareddy1495
Proud to have you as minister and thanks for u r services

为有您这样的部长感到骄傲，感谢您的付出。

mahimabose
Although people in the comments are pessimistic about Indian semiconductor adventure, I feel is you make sure that there's a continued effort with proper leadership, it could make a difference in the world economics. Fingers crossed

虽然评论区里很多人对印度半导体的发展前景很悲观，但我觉得，只要有正确的领导，并且持续努力，一定能改变世界经济格局。祈祷一切顺利。

CyberArc1711
Wow extreme negativity in the comments sections. I mean these are the same people who said UPI will fail in India and look at UPI, successful venture and these people are now shamelessly using UPI in their phones. If we didn't do it in the past why not do it today? The government is making honest efforts into bringing semiconductor manufacturing in the country then why not support it instead of being shamelessly pessimistic?

哇，评论区的负面情绪也太重了。要知道，这些人以前还说统一支付接口（UPI）在印度肯定会失败，结果现在呢？UPI大获成功，这些人还厚着脸皮在手机上用。以前没做成，现在为什么不能试试？政府真心实意在努力把半导体制造业引入印度，为什么不支持，反而要这么没底线地悲观呢？

i_Mephisto
Hope India makes a breakthrough in semiconductors and fight the sheer redtape bureaucracy stop India's growth. And hope we can harness the thorium to fullfill Homi Bhabha's dream of energy independence

希望印度能在半导体领域取得突破，打破那些阻碍印度发展的繁琐官僚主义。也希望我们能充分利用钍资源，实现霍米·巴巴的能源独立梦想。

rincesingh2442
"Gen Z, let's set a benchmark for our future. Keep in mind the performance of leaders like Jaishankar and Ashwini; supporting the vision that brings such experts into government shows exactly what the new youth of India wants."

“Z世代的我们，要为自己的未来树立标杆。记住贾尚卡尔、阿什维尼这样的领导者的表现，支持把这类专家纳入政府的愿景，这才是印度新青年真正想要的。”

Monika-gb1if
He is making us understand like child

他把专业知识讲得特别简单，就像给小孩讲课一样，我们都能听懂。

dkutagulla
Vaishnav sir is a technocrat's technocrat So proud of him. Extremely knowledgeable and articulate!

韦什瑙先生是技术专家中的专家，为他感到骄傲。他学识渊博，表达也特别清晰！

anjanandharshithaudutha727
Seeing a minster who have perfect knowledge of future

能看到一位对未来有清晰认知、胸有成竹的部长，真好。

mayalapelligopal3839
We need a minister like him. We do not need some unpaad vidhayak who knows nothing about their portfolio of ministries like old times.

我们就需要这样的部长。再也不要像以前那样，找一些目不识丁、对自己分管领域一窍不通的议员来当部长了。

sunilgholap4512
Feeling happy to see so many visionary fellow Indians in the comment section who actually believe in positive things rather than continuously ranting about problems

看到评论区有这么多有远见的印度同胞，相信积极的未来，而不是一味抱怨问题，我真的很开心。

andeepchandrakar7803
We are all so proud of our honorable & highly educated Central Minister, Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw Sir who has been working very hard across several Ministry portfolios under able leadership & direction of our honorable Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi Sir to make Viksit Bharat 2047 a reality

我们都为尊敬的、高学历的中央部长——阿什维尼·韦什瑙先生感到骄傲。在尊敬的总理纳伦德拉·莫迪先生的有力领导和指导下，他在多个部委岗位上辛勤工作，致力于实现2047年印度繁荣发展的目标。

ashishdey0704
Wow.. Hats off to this guy.. Never in my life I thought we will have a minister who has so much in-depth knowledge in the field he is working on. what a carrier and what a minister.. These kind of people motivate you to vote for the government.

哇，向这个人致敬。我这辈子从来没想过，我们会有一位部长，对自己所负责的领域有这么深的了解。多么厉害的履历，多么优秀的部长。这样的人，会让你有动力给这个政府投票。

VarunKashyap-w2v
I have never seen a more educated, professional and confident minister in India

在印度，我从来没见过比他更有学识、更专业、更自信的部长。

vishnunair33
This is a minister speaking of technicality,did we ever imagine it a decade back.Laalu was once our railway minister

现在居然有部长能聊技术细节，十年前我们根本不敢想。要知道，以前拉鲁还当过我们的铁路部长呢（暗指以前的部长不专业）。

thebestevertherewas
This is a step change from the previous ministers. INC have some shame

和以前的部长比，这简直是质的飞跃。国大党（INC）要点脸吧。

Net_Flux
But is India also planning to develop its own ASML-class lithography machines and ZEISS-class lithography optics for those machines? We need to start acting NOW.

但印度有没有计划自主研发阿斯麦级别的光刻机，以及配套的蔡司级光刻镜头？我们现在就得行动起来。

kunwarmanishsingh2323
Why are we not investing in R&D ??? You can ask him why do spend 0.6% of gdp on R&D and why CSR are not leveraged for this ?

我们为什么不往研发上投资？你可以问问他，为什么我们只把GDP的0.6%投入研发，为什么不利用企业社会责任（CSR）的资金来做这件事？

hemalsingh9747
I am so proud to be a part of this semiconductor industry. Doing a phd. in semiconductor materials from IISc.

能成为半导体行业的一员，我感到非常骄傲。我正在印度科学理工学院（IISc）攻读半导体材料博士学位。