China’s Next AI Shock Is Hardware

中国人工智能的下一波突破，在硬件领域

China’s next AI shock isn’t another DeepSeek-style model. It’s hardware.

After DeepSeek proved China could compete under constraints, that approach is moving from software to chips, power, and infrastructure. Instead of chasing the most advanced GPUs, China is scaling what it controls: domestic chips that are good enough, cheap power, and systems designed to work together.

This is less about building a Chinese Nvidia and more about building an alternative AI stack and pushing it into markets that want AI now, not perfect performance.

中国人工智能的下一波冲击，并非再诞生一个深度求索式的大模型，而是藏在硬件领域。

深度求索的成功，印证了中国有能力在外部限制下实现技术突围，如今这一发展思路正从软件端，向芯片、算力、基础设施全面延伸。中国没有一味追逐最先进的图形处理器，而是全力规模化落地自己能掌控的技术体系：性能够用的国产芯片、低成本算力，以及可协同运转的一体化系统。

这一布局的核心，并非打造一个中国版的英伟达，而是构建一套非同质化的人工智能技术栈，并将其推向那些渴求人工智能技术落地、而非苛求极致性能的市场。

以下是各国网友的评论：

AstuteRealm
Imagine dedicating all your time and energy to stop or slowing down your opponent instead of focusing on improving yourself.

想想看，把所有时间和精力都用来阻挠、拖慢对手，却不用来提升自己。

hondajacka2
This backfired and cause China to catch up even faster.

这下彻底适得其反，反倒让中国追得更快了。

ksoman953
The smart one does both.

聪明人向来两手抓，二者兼顾。

ZeroSpawn
Jeff bezos did that to spaceX. He tried to sue them every week so his Rocket technology could catch up.

贝佐斯当年就这么对太空探索技术公司。他每周都想着起诉对方，只为让自己的火箭技术能赶上来。

zachazow
I don't have to imagine, that's what we are doing.

根本不用想，我们现在干的就是这事。

JA-pn4ji
I moved over to Chinese models after being f*cked over by google. The cost saving was unbelievable.

被谷歌坑惨后，我就换成了中国的模型，省的钱多到离谱。

vsls85
Competition -> lower prices -> billionaires making less money out of 'thin air'.

有竞争，价格就会降，那些亿万富翁就没法再凭空赚大钱。

marvelousmarshmallow6232
Making billionaires making "less" money is a win in my playbook.

在我看来，让亿万富翁赚得少点，就是一种胜利。

Challengermo12345
The us meanwhile is duopoly or monopoly.

而美国这边，市场早就形成双寡头或垄断格局了。

trl-shift-run
Competition is good for the consumer. GPU and RAM prices need to come down. Storage too.

竞争对消费者是好事。显卡、内存条的价格该降降了，存储设备也一样。

badbad-cat
artificially inflated price. I hope China is able to mass produce it all and we'll be paying just 30% for these GPUs, RAM and ROM.

这些价格都是人为炒上去的。真希望中国能把这些都量产，到时候我们买显卡、内存、只读存储器，只需要花现在三成的钱。

BosMass617
It's a competition like tying a guy's hand behind his back in a fight. The US containment policy was useless now you call it a competition, sanctions and all. This interview was a job application for Chinese tech firms. This was the best publicity China could ever hope for. Look at the Invidia execs that jumped ship for Chinese firms.

这哪是竞争，简直是打架时把对方的手绑在背后。美国的遏制政策根本没用，现在搞一堆制裁，反倒说这是竞争。这场访谈简直成了中国科技企业的招聘广告，也是中国能得到的最好宣传。你看英伟达多少高管都跳槽去中国公司了。

ycjason1
RAM price is through the roof now.

现在内存条的价格高得离谱。

Christopol
A computer with the same specs I assembled in early 2024, now it is almost 50% more expensive if I build it again now, not kidding man, price for gpu and ram and other stuff are out the roof.

2024年初我装了一台配置的电脑，现在再装一台一模一样的，价格贵了快五成。没开玩笑，显卡、内存这些配件的价格都涨上天了。

Mark-k3b9q
The US forced out the Chinese. Now the Chinese will become self reliant and replace the US companies as market leaders. It will happen and US greed is to blame.

美国把中国逼上绝路，结果中国会实现自给自足，还会取代美国企业成为市场龙头。这是必然的，一切都是美国的贪婪造成的。

goldriverbank6647
The racists underestimated China.

那些种族主义者，太低估中国了。

freemagicfun
America used to be the leader in tech... used to be. China has surpassed in pretty much every way. We try to limit their EVs and failed. We try to limit their AI and failed. Our empire is in the final stages of collapse. Kind of a bummer, since I am American, but unfortunately we got what we asked for. For my grandchildren's sake, I hope China does a better job as a world leader than we did.

美国曾经是科技领头羊，只是曾经而已。中国几乎在各个领域都已经超越了我们。我们想限制他们的电动汽车，失败了；想限制他们的人工智能，也失败了。我们的帝国已经走到末路。作为美国人，我心里挺不是滋味，但这都是我们自找的。为了我的孙辈，我希望中国作为世界领导者，能比我们做得更好。

eugenec7130
Not only greed. Arrogance, superiority complex, jealousy, selfishness, rejection to cooperation and others.

不只是贪婪，还有傲慢、优越感、嫉妒、自私，还有拒绝合作的种种心态。

peterpph126
USA, when faced with real competition , always deployed the Tanya Harding’s tactics.

美国一旦遇到真正的竞争对手，总会使出下三滥的手段。

tren133
That didn't even work out FOR Tanya! Also maybe the US is getting too used to having bullying tactics working against some hapless banana republic, and now they think they can try that same game on a peer power like China.

那套手段对坦尼娅本人都没用！美国大概是习惯了用霸凌手段对付那些倒霉的小国家，现在居然觉得这套把戏能用到中国这样的同级对手身上。

break-nil
If our reply is to slow down the avalanche we already lost... self-defeated! Very interesting indeed.

如果我们的应对方式只是想拖住雪崩的脚步，那我们其实已经输了，这是作茧自缚！这事想想还真有意思。

sportsonwheelss
Bruit force?, More like finess and ingenuity pushing the equipment beyond the limit thought was possible.

蛮力？这明明是靠精湛的技术和巧思，把设备的性能推到了所有人以为的极限之上。

MissMan666
It is brute force. Certainly possible for other foundry's to do the same, but the cost is way, higher, it takes longer, and yields are lower. China does this cause they do not have any better way to do it since they are unable to do lithography machines that are anything near as good ad ASML(altho they been trying for decades with basically unlimited funding).

这就是蛮力。其他晶圆厂当然也能这么做，但成本会高得多、耗时更久、良率也更低。中国之所以这么做，是因为他们没有更好的办法，毕竟他们造不出能和阿斯麦比肩的光刻机，哪怕砸了几十年近乎无限的资金，也还是造不出来。

Cobalt-88
Nano seconds behind us?!? In integration, you mean 3 years ahead.

比我们慢几纳秒？你怕是搞反了，在集成技术上，他们比我们领先整整三年。

mikhailbulgakov1472
I am glad for China. It is time for all countries of the world to limit their reliance with the US bully.

我为中国感到高兴。全世界各国都该减少对美国这个霸凌者的依赖了。

ALWH1314
The electricity capacity per capita in China is less than U.S. However, their distribution is different, their average consumption of electricity per capita is roughly 1/8 of US, so they are able to allocating more to manufacture, public transportation and technology, and their infrastructure is newer and more efficient than US. Thus, China does have power advantage on AI development. In addition, China is develo new and more renewable energy sources. For example the new high attitude wind power S2000 has 12 generators and super high voltage cable in injiang can easily power data center in remote areas.

中国的人均电力装机量比美国低，但电力分配模式完全不同。中国人均用电量大概只有美国的八分之一，所以他们能把更多电力分配给制造业、公共交通和科技产业，而且他们的基础设施比美国更新、效率更高。所以在人工智能发展上，中国确实有算力优势。除此之外，中国还在开发更多新型可再生能源，比如新 疆的S2000高空风电装置有12台发电机，当地的特高压输电线路，能轻松为偏远地区的数据中心供电。

Pernsonal6054
Chiana is building a much much bigger dam than the inredible 3 gorge dam.

中国正在建一座大坝，比举世闻名的三峡大坝还要大得多。

reasonrusfromme9731
Why everyone is surprised? We passed law (Frank Wolf, a real genius) to bar Chinese from going to ISS. Now they have their own and perfected its rocket.

大家有什么好惊讶的？当初我们通过法案禁止中国人进入国际空间站，这馊主意还是弗兰克·沃尔夫想的，真是个“天才”。现在人家有了自己的空间站，火箭技术也做到了尽善尽美。

tallest4eva
Per capita China might not produce as much energy as the US... Yet. But the average Chinese person also uses far less energy than the average American. That still leaves far less energy for industrial and commercial use.

中国人均能源产量或许还比不上美国，但只是暂时的。而且普通中国人的能源消耗量，也比普通美国人少得多，这就意味着能留给工业和商业的能源会多很多。

taocook6526
One little correction, in 2010 China produced same amount energy as US. Now it's 2.X in 2025.

纠正一个小细节，2010年中国的能源产量就和美国持平了，到2025年，已经是美国的两倍多。

callas60
The gap will keep widened.

这个差距还会继续拉大。

mrzack888
That's over capacity ghost cities according to USA.

按美国的说法，这些都是产能过剩的鬼城罢了。

millyionnnn
If you take away someone shoes to run in a race. They will eventually learn and adapt to beat you barefooted.

在赛跑中，你抢走了别人的鞋子，最后他们会学会适应，光脚也能跑赢你。

markuc
Or make different and better shoes, and then sell shoes to other people.

或者，他们会做出不一样的、更好的鞋子，然后卖给其他人。

saxmanphd
Most of the AI engineers in America are from China.

美国的人工智能工程师，大部分都是中国人。

death00124
China doesn't really have to reduce their energy input in other sectors for AI, they have been improving their energy capacity for years now, especially in renewables. Unlike the US which has let it's energy infrastructure become more and more stressed their have been a huge bulkhead which they now have a use for.

中国根本不用为了发展人工智能，削减其他领域的能源投入。这些年他们一直在提升能源产能，尤其是可再生能源。而美国的能源基础设施早就不堪重负，中国却有充足的能源储备，现在正好能用上。

Challengermo12345
Yup and they are adding a lot of renewables infact the bulk of energy being added is renewables.

没错，他们还在大力建设可再生能源项目，新增的能源产能里，绝大部分都是可再生能源。

martinschulze5399
That is wrong. In absolute terms they add far more coal.

你错了，从绝对数量来看，他们新增的煤电产能要多得多。

flamencoguy3000
Brute force is not their long term strategy. It is only to temporarily carry them until a domestic EUV machine can be built. And a prototype EUV has been built.

蛮力并不是他们的长期策略，只是权宜之计，撑到国产极紫外光刻机造出来就行。而且现在极紫外光刻机的原型机已经造出来了。

rigamarole_joel
If China can produce competitive GPUs then it will be better for consumers finally bringing down the hoarding and ever growing cost of computing.

如果中国能造出有竞争力的显卡，对消费者来说绝对是好事，终于能遏制算力囤积，让持续上涨的算力成本降下来了。

michaelchen736
chinese helps its tech companies grow. American government tries to take profit from tech companies.

中国扶持本土科技企业成长，美国政府却想着从科技企业身上榨取利益。

sportsonwheelss
The only reason Huawei can't make faster chips because of US pressure ASML from ship EULV equipment to Chinese foundry SMIC that had already ordered to be delivered.

华为造不出更快的芯片，原因只有一个：美国施压阿斯麦，不让他们把极紫外光刻机交给中芯国际，而中芯国际早就下了订单，本该交货了。

peterlustig6566
We've bottlenecked their hardware so much that they have driverless cars/metrotrains on their streets since 4 years.. FOUR YEARS. Smart cities regulating traffic, smart mining facilities and drone food delievery, robotic police patrol. What did we get? ChatGPT and Deepfake generators. Yea sure, we still lead the AI-frontier but why does it feel like that we lost on every other frontier in order to get there? All in the meanwhile the chinese could just pull an Uno-reverse on us by taking over tscm anytime now.

我们拼命卡他们的硬件脖子，结果人家四年前就有无人驾驶汽车和地铁上路了，整整四年！他们有智能城市调控交通、智能矿山、无人机送餐、机器人巡警。而我们呢？只搞出了聊天机器人和深度伪造生成工具。没错，我们在人工智能前沿领域确实还领先，但为什么感觉我们为了这一点，在其他所有领域都输了？与此同时，中国随时可能反将我们一军，拿下台积电。

oliverodell3105
The idea that the US has only just worked this out is scary. China foresaw what was coming years ago and diverted huge funds into trying to secure domestic chip production. It's not easy work - hence why how few industry leading Fabs exst around the world but make no mistake that the country is aligned with needing to make this work. The real question isn't IF they can catch up but when... and if they catch up or leapfrog exsting tech. What is interesting is looking at current trends behind the likes of Huawei's hardware development is that they have taken a different angle than Nvidia. Driven by manufacturing limitations they are looking at efficiency and cost, not top level performance. This is an interesting take and shouldn't be ignored.

想到美国现在才想明白这一点，就觉得可怕。中国几年前就预判到了未来的局势，砸了巨资保障本土芯片生产。这本就不容易，全世界能做到行业领先的晶圆厂本就没几家，但千万别怀疑，中国举国上下都在全力推进这件事。真正的问题不是他们能不能赶上，而是什么时候赶上，甚至会不会实现技术超越。有意思的是，从华为等企业的硬件发展趋势来看，他们走了和英伟达截然不同的路线。受限于制造能力，他们更看重能效和成本，而非极致的性能。这一思路很有见地，不容忽视。

rasboysie
The chinese are phenomenal, obvously, you dontt need faster chip, since the scene now is application, or analog computing for sensors like a stetoscope for a doctor with embeded ai.

中国人太厉害了。显然，现在根本不需要更快的芯片，当下的核心是应用落地，或是为传感器做模拟计算——比如给医生用的、内置人工智能的听诊器。

lackkcal
Some countries preach free market and competition but actually having no faith in them at all.

有些国家嘴上喊着自由市场和竞争，实际上根本不信这些。

justinhausaman2867
how many ferrarris do you see driving around compared to priuses? I think efficiency and optimization wins the AI war and the US is doing neither of those things.

你在路上看到的法拉利，有普锐斯多吗？我认为，人工智能之争的赢家，会是注重能效和优化的一方，而美国这两点都没做到。

lb_Fl_TX
China not playing! I think they gonna win the AI race and get to the moon first!

中国是来真的！我觉得他们会赢得人工智能竞赛，还会第一个登上月球！

fredyoman
Just how BYD took over the EV market around the globe.

就像比亚迪拿下全球电动汽车市场那样。

PhilipWong55
We won’t have to wait much longer for them to scale up their SSBM EUV machines, then move to SSBM X-ray.

不用等太久，他们就能实现固态浸没极紫外光刻机的规模化生产，接下来还会研发固态浸没X射线光刻机。

ydliu264
In next a few months, we will see all-around technology breakthroughs in China chip industries, and China does not need any chips from other parts of the world. China may buy some chips from US but just as the commodities like soybean to balance trade deficit.

未来几个月，中国芯片产业会迎来全方位的技术突破，到时候中国根本不用从国外进口任何芯片。就算从美国买一些，也只是像进口大豆这类大宗商品一样，为了平衡贸易逆差。

Avantime
Just to note per-capita energy usage doesn't tell much of a story. Many Americans have 3 bedroom homes with air cons, appliances, cars/EVs and other stuff that uses a lot more energy than an average Chinese living in a one bedroom apartment relying on public transport. The vast majority of energy usage in China is for heavy industry, which the state can reprioritize.

要说明的是，人均能源消耗量说明不了什么。很多美国人住着三居室，有空调、各种家电、汽车或电动车，能耗远比普通中国人高得多——中国人大多住一居室，出行靠公共交通。中国的能源消耗绝大部分用在重工业上，而国家可以重新调整能源分配的优先级。

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