为什么印度比中国发达那么多

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来源：三泰虎      https://www.santaihu.com/45791.html     译者：Joyceliu

外文链接：https://www.quora.com/Why-is-India-so-much-developed-when-compared-to-China

Vikas Shelke

India has both China and Pakistan as agressar, China has, non. India wins o ly via defence. India has de ocracy and people are I deed powerfull to change the govt. Economicaly i dia is poor to China bit fundamentaly its more stable and can withstand any breakdown in economics.

印度同时面临中国和巴基斯坦两个入侵者，而中国没有。印度通过防御取胜。印度有民*，人民有能力改变政府。经济方面，印度对中国来说很穷，但它更稳定，可以经受任何经济崩溃。

 Kanchana Muralidhar, Online Journalist at Rainbow Organisation

India is more powerful than USA or China because of its strong economy. China has been borrowing money from IMF for its development which it has to repay along with interest. USA some of its owes its debt to China. India too has a debt to World Bank but not in the proportion that the above countries have. Firstly Government has to take precautions before availing loans. The day your country starts borrowing is the day your country will come in poor league nations & may be the country 3rd future generations will be still paying off their grandfather /mother loans. Why to borrow but instead try for local self sustenance as Sikkim is trying to do.

由于强劲的经济，印度比美国和中国都要强大。中国一直在向国际货币基金组织借款发展经济，同时还要偿还利息。美国欠了中国一部分债务。印度也欠世界银行的债，但没有这两个国家的债务比例高。首先，政府在贷款前必须采取预防措施。你的国家开始借款的那一天是你的国家进入贫穷国家的那一天，也许第三代人还在偿还他们的祖父/母亲时期的贷款。为什么要借钱，要像锡金试图做的那样，尝试自给自足。

Adnan Mohemmed

You are being mistaken. China is more developed.

你是错误的。中国更发达。

Chen Lawrence, studied at I Don't Go To College YET

Freedom and Democracy off course. Chinese people can never understand how do the fresh and sweet air of a de ocracy smells like in India.

自由和民*偏离了轨道。中国人永远不会明白，一个民*国家的清新空气怎么会像印度的空气一样。

 
Ngô Xuân Kỳ

By what measure exactly?

Military? No

Economy? No

Culture? Debatable

看怎么评估了?

军队?没有

经济?没有

文化?有争议

Klein Blue

First of all, India is the largest de ocratic country in the world, and then the media in India is quite strong. So India is more powerful than China

首先，印度是世界上最大的民*国家，印度的媒体也很强大。所以印度比中国更强大

Akash Pandya, Financial Advisor at Relaince General Insurance (2015-present)

Yes it is more developed. Hey then you must be living in 1st century AD because then when it was more developed.

是的，它更发达。那你肯定生活在公元1世纪，因为那时印度确实更为发达。

Sambaji Rao, VP, Board Member

It isn't.

Whatever criteria you pick, China has the stronger numbers.

并没有。

无论你选择什么标准，中国的数据都更为强劲。

Sankara Subramanian

Wondering if this question is a joke. Have you seen Shanghai (at least videos)? Heard about bullet trains or their next generation public transport? India is at least 25 years behind China in development.

不知道这个问题是不是开玩笑。你见过上海(最少看过视频)吗?听说过高铁或者新一代公共交通工具吗?在发展方面，印度至少落后中国25年。

Sterling Saini, Read several libraries of non fiction

India and China are both powerful countries. India has the advantage with air force, with their Su-30 MKIs, and China with their army of sheer numbers.

India has nuclear weapons, and a large and more technologically advanced military base. They are smaller than China, I agree, but still pose a threat and are no pushover to the PLA. That’s why China couldn’t do anything at Doklam

印度和中国都是强国。印度拥有空军优势，拥有苏-30导弹系统，而中国则拥有庞大的陆军。

印度拥有核武器以及规模更大、技术更先进的军事基地。我同意，他们比中国小，但也一样构成威胁，不会向解放军屈服。这就是为什么中国在洞朗不敢动手的原因

Naby Souleymane Bangoura

It’s not. India is lagging behind China. Chinese GDP is $11.2 trillion while India is only $2.26 trillion. More people in India live in poverty than the Chinese. I think it’s because India lacks centralist planning; it is the world’s largest de ocracy but it’s federal so laws are state-by-state

并非如此。印度落后于中国。中国的GDP是11.2万亿美元，而印度只有区区2.26万亿美元。生活在贫困中的印度人比中国人多。我认为这是因为印度缺乏中央计划;它是世界上最大的民*国家，但它是联邦制的，所以法律都是各州自己制定的

Sthitapragnya Deshpande, worked at China

Something seems to be wrong in your perception of India. We are not more developed than China.

你对印度的看法似乎有问题。我们并没有比中国发达。

I am not sure where you got this idea [you should visit India for a few weeks :) ]

我不知道你是从哪里得到这个想法的[你应该去印度待几周:)]

In infrastructure, we lag way behind, in economic freedom too we have less of this than an average Chinese person. Our security lags behind (test- how safe does a woman feel when she walks down a street late at night).

在基础设施方面，我们落后很多，在经济自由度方面我们也落后于普通中国人。我们的安全措施落后了(测试——当一个女人深夜走在街上时，她感觉有多安全)。

Yes - we have a richer culture and history, we are as obnoxous as Chinese people (sorry - I don't intend to insult anyone - this is just the way we and many Asian overcrowded countries are!), we too are extremely ambitious (the average Indian is far more ambitious and hardworking than the average Brit or American). Indian food is even more varied and tasty than Chinese food (again, this is my personal perception. A Chinese person might rightfully feel otherwise).

是的,我们有丰富的文化和历史,我们和中国人一样讨厌(对不起,我不打算侮辱任何人——这只是我们和许多人口过度拥挤的亚洲国家的通病!),我们也非常雄心勃勃(普通印度人相比普通英国人或美国人，更雄心勃勃、更加勤奋)。印度食物甚至比中国食物更多样、更美味(这也是我个人的看法)。中国人可能会有不一样的感觉。

You see Indians heading Fortune 500 companies... is that what gives you this impression? Ask yourself why this is so? Because they do not get that recognition or opportunity back home. So we have to rush to USA to achieve our potential (a big reason for this is the fact that India has an environment which discourages people, and our crumbling infrastructure does not appeal to any of us including those billion of us who live in India - and bicker daily!)

你也能看到印度人领导着财富500强公司…这就是让你有这种误觉的原因吗?问问自己为什么会这样?因为他们在国内得不到认可或机会。所以我们要急于在美国实现我们的潜能(一个很大的原因是印度的环境阻碍了人的发展，我们摇摇欲坠的基础设施对数十亿人生活在印度的人来说没有吸引力)

Leo Jonathan, studied at i'an International Studies University

As a Chinese, let me tell you the reason.

India is far more developed than China.

作为一个中国人，让我告诉你原因。

印度比中国发达得多。

The Indian enjoys the advanced de ocracy the same as the developed countries just like Europe and America. People get their legal rights from their efficient government.

印度人与欧美等发达国家一样享有民*制度。人们从高效的政府那里得到合法的权利。

Indian have belief. The Indian can get inner-peace from all kinds of gods. They will go to heaven after they die. But the Chinese will go to hell without religion.

印度有信仰。印度人可以从各种神那里得到内心的平静。他们死后会去天堂。但中国人因为没有宗教信仰，死后会下地狱。

Mumbai is more prosperous than any city in China. Don't always show me the photos of Pudong new area and THEY ARE BORING. If you show me the pictures of other places in Shanghai, China will be defeated in minutes by great Mumbai.

孟买比中国的任何城市都要繁华。不要总是给我看浦东新区的照片，很无聊好嘛。如果你给我看上海其他地方的照片，中国将在几分钟内被伟大的孟买打败。

India's government is very wise and popular. Every important event in the world is under their control. When the president of the United States, Russia and China meet Modiji, they have to flatter him with long time courtesy attitude. Every time Modi goes to the international conference, he will stand in the middle of the most striking position and the leaders of other countries would be willing to be the green leaves around the gorgeous flower.

印度政府非常明智，很受欢迎。世界上的每一件大事都在他们的控制之下。美、俄、中三国总统会见莫迪吉时，不得不展现礼貌态度来奉承他。每次莫迪参加国际会议，他都会站在最引人注目的位置上，其他国家的领导人也愿意成为这朵绚丽花朵周围的绿叶。

India's economic has developed rapidly and the people's living standards have been greatly improved. But China's economy is going worse recently and it even has been sanctioned by the United States. For example: India can buy advanced weapons from many developed countries, But China has to copy it and make the bad quality weapon. It will hurt themselves when they use it.

印度经济迅速发展，人民生活水平大幅度提高。但中国经济最近在恶化，还受到了美国的制裁。例如:印度可以从许多发达国家购买先进的武器，但中国只能山寨这种武器。一旦使用，只会伤害他们自己。

The chinese often brainwash to the Indian people who come to China. This gives them an illusion of China's very developed. But the you Indians who never went to China should keep your mind awake and not been defiled by those people who have ulterior motives.

中国经常给来中国的印度人洗脑。这给了他们一种中国非常发达的错觉。但是你们这些从未去过中国的印度人应该保持清醒的头脑，不要被那些别有用心的人所误导。

Ramji Vinodh

It isnt .

It depends on the areas of development which we are looking at. Just judging by some simple facts, India started industrialisation 10 years late when compared with China. This would definitely put us 10 years behind.

并不是。

这取决于我们考虑的发展领域。从一些简单的事实来看，与中国相比，印度的工业化起步晚了10年。这肯定会让我们落后10年。

India doesn’t fare well when compared to Chinese infrastructure – My question is do we need to construct empty apartments and malls as how China did just to show GDP growth. It’s really useless, though China says eventually it would be consumed.

2 与中国的基础设施相比，印度的情况并不好——我的问题是，我们是否需要像中国那样建造空空如也的公寓和购物中心，来显示GDP的增长。虽然中国说它最终会被消费掉，但这些楼真的没用。

From an accounting perspective, we prepare need to know the expenses and gains for every year. Just imagine all these building are being constructed with no real occupancy rates – this makes me think how these are funded. We know Government gives them the funds but will it know make them go into deep debt. Just imagine India constructing houses and kee it vacant. Very hard to imagine. In India there are always supply constraints.

3 从会计的角度来看，我们准备需要知道每年的费用和收益。想象一下，所有这些建筑都是在没有实际入住率的情况下建造的——这让我很好奇这些建筑是如何获得资金的。我们知道政府给了他们资金，但这会不会让他们陷入深深的债务中?想象一下印度建造房屋并保持空置。很难想象。在印度，供应总是受到限制。

Schools, Colleges and Universities – Definitely the infrastructure is good. Let’s come to the quality of education. My opinion is always a mixed opinion, same as what we have in India. Though we have figured last in the science test, the contradiction is there is significant population of Indian labour getting employed in developed countries with the same education we have. My point here is R&D labs should be established in India. Another example is from my family friends who has completed the MBBS from China, but couldn’t not clear the AIIMS practice exam here in India. Definitely China does have reputed institutes so my points might have varied opinions.

学校，学院和大学——当然基础设施是好的。让我们来谈谈教育的质量。我的观点褒贬不一。虽然我们在科学测试中排在最后，但矛盾的是，印度有相当多的劳动力在发达国家就业，他们接受的教育与我们一样。我的观点是应该在印度建立研发实验室。另一个例子是我的家人朋友，他们在中国完成了临床医学考试，但在印度却无法通过全印度医学硕士考试。中国肯定有著名的研究机构，所以我的观点可能会引发不同的意见。

Socio and Political Issues – Definitely India is well positioned mainly due to de ocratic policies. In India we are allowed to talk directly to the Govt. officials. DR. APJ Kalam was our People’s president – He used to address lots of seminars and personally visit places which he finds very attractive in terms of innovation and technology and lots more.

3 社会和政治问题——无疑，印度处于有利地位主要是由于民*政策。在印度，我们可以直接与政府官员对话。阿普·卡拉姆博士是我们人民的总统——他曾在许多研讨会上发表演讲，并亲自参观一些他认为在创新和技术等方面很有吸引力的地方。

Environmental Degradation – Definitely, India and Indians are not considering the consequences of littering, hazardous waste disposal, solid waste management issues and many more. We know the consequences of Delhi’s air pollution. I can’t pass genuine comments on China – assuming that China does produce for the world and they should be having lots of factories and I am not sure how they comply with the local environmental regulations. I have spoken in detail on solid waste management in one of my other posts especially relating to India.

4 环境退化——无疑，印度和印度人没有考虑乱扔垃圾、危险废物处理、固体废物管理等问题的后果。我们知道德里空气污染的后果。我不能对中国发表真正的评论——假设中国为世界生产，他们肯定有很多工厂，我不确定他们如何遵守当地的环境法规。我曾在我的另一篇文章中详细介绍过固体废物管理，特别是关于印度的。

Government –

5 政府-

Defence, Nuclear and Space Infrastructure –

6 国防、核能和太空基础设施——

My point is development is not a race and should be a sustainable measure.

我的观点是，发展不是一场竞赛，应该是一种可持续的衡量标准。

Wang Yangsheng, shanghai (2016-present)

India's model of development is re-spending instead of investment, relying on domestic demand instead of exporting, focusing on service rather than manufacturing, rebuilding new and emerging industries rather than less labor-intensive ones, which is also India's "World Office" title.

印度的发展模式是再消费而非投资，依赖国内需求而非出口，专注于服务业而非制造业，重建新兴产业而非劳动密集型产业，这也给印度带来了“世界办公室”的头衔。

This mode of economic development has made India's economy more resistant to the global economic downturn and has shown relatively strong tenacity and long-term economic growth. Although India was affected in this economic crisis, its economic growth rate surpassed that of China after it stabilized itself. Known as the country most likely to surpass China.

这种经济发展方式使印度经济更能抵御全球经济衰退，表现出相对强劲的韧性和长期的经济增长。虽然印度在这次经济危机中受到了影响，但在稳定下来后，其经济增长率超过了中国。被称为最有可能超过中国的国家。

What areas in India is stronger than China? The quality and efficiency of India's economic growth are relatively good. India, for example, has only half as much savings as China, with only about 10% of China's overseas direct investment flowing into India each year and India about 10 to 15 years behind China in infrastructure construction, but India has achieved faster Economic growth, and that more than 30% to 40% of its gross national product comes from the growth of productivity rather than the increase of capital or labor. Compared with China, India has certain advantages in many aspects: (I) Cultivated land area.

印度哪些领域比中国更强大?印度经济增长的质量和效率相对较好。以印度为例,只有中国一半的储蓄,只有约中国10%的海外直接投资流入印度，印度在基础设施建设方面大约落后中国10到15年，但印度取得了更快的经济增长,国民生产总值中有超过30%到40%来自于生产力的增长,而不是资本或劳动力的增加。与中国相比，印度在很多方面都有一定的优势:(1)耕地面积。

China has a total cultivated area of ​​128.2 million hectares and a per capita cultivated area of ​​0.101 hectares, ranking the fourth in the world. India is the world's top land-cultivated country with arable land of about 160 million hectares, far more than China. At present, China has only one-tenth of the country's arable land. Compared with 55% of the country's arable land, per capita arable land is more than twice that of China. So basically don’t worry about food. What areas in India is stronger than China? (B) the software industry. India's software industry is booming and is among the best in the world. India currently has a huge pool of software talent and a large pool of professionals. Output value, the proportion of exports are large.

全国耕地面积1.282亿公顷，人均耕地0.101公顷，居世界第四位。印度是世界上耕地最多的国家，耕地面积约1.6亿公顷，远远超过中国。目前，中国只有十分之一的可耕地。与印度55%的可耕地相比，印度人均可耕地面积是中国的两倍多。所以基本上不用担心食物。印度哪些领域比中国更强大?(B)软件行业。印度的软件业正在蓬勃发展，在世界上名列前茅。印度目前拥有大量的软件人才和专业人才。产值，出口的比例都很大。

According to McKinsey's report, India's IT services and logistics will employ 4 million workers by 2008, making it an industry with annual exports of 57 billion U.S. dollars, or 7% of India's total GDP. In contrast, the development of China's software industry started relatively late, and the gap is huge. (C) financial institutions. India's financial system operated soundly with a low proportion of non-performing loans. The non-performing loan ratio of commercial banks was only 10.8%. India's stock market is relatively mature, becoming an important place for Indian companies to raise funds. What areas in India is stronger than China? (D) population advantage. Data show that in a few years India's population will surpass China and become the world's largest population. This is not the main thing, mainly because the proportion of young people in India is far greater than us. At least 10 million people are employed each year, mostly young people around 18 years of age. Low labor costs have become a major manufacturing advantage in India.

根据麦肯锡的报告，到2008年，印度的IT服务和物流将雇佣400万工人，使IT产业达到每年出口570亿美元的规模，占印度GDP的7%。相比之下，中国软件产业的发展起步较晚，差距巨大。(C)金融机构。印度金融体系运转良好，不良贷款比例较低。商业银行不良贷款率仅为10.8%。印度股市相对成熟，成为印度企业融资的重要场所。(D)人口优势。数据显示，几年后印度人口将超过中国，成为世界上人口最多的国家。这不是主要问题，主要是因为印度年轻人的比例远高于我们。每年至少有1000万新增就业人口，其中大多数是18岁左右的年轻人。低劳动力成本已经成为印度制造业的一大优势。

Compared with China, the advantage of the Indian population is likely to be highlighted in the coming years, while the trend of aging in China is accelerating. (E) the enterprise system. India's private capital has accumulated a wealth of experience in its operations. After India's independence, the private consortia that exsted in the past have further developed and a large number of new private consortia have emerged. After the economic reforms in India, a large number of private-owned or private consortia engaged in the IT industry, pharmaceutical industry, food processing industry, garment and textile industry, cement construction industry and hotel tourism grew rapidly and entered the globalized operation soon. India's modern enterprise system is relatively perfect, high level of management of enterprises. What areas in India is stronger than China? (6) Talent and education internationalization. India has more international exchanges of talent than China. Due to the popularization of Indian English and the teaching language used by higher education institutions in English, Indian university students can successfully obtain important information about the development of science and technology in the world and also facilitate exchanges between Indian students and international elite schools.

与中国相比，印度人口的优势可能会在未来几年得到凸显，而中国的老龄化趋势正在加速。(E)企业系统。印度的私人资本积累了丰富的运营经验。印度独立后，过去存在的私人财团进一步发展，出现了大量新的私人财团。印度经济改革后，大量从事IT、医药、食品加工业、服装纺织、水泥建筑、酒店旅游等行业的民营或民营财团迅速成长，并很快进入全球化经营。印度的现代企业制度比较完善，企业管理水平较高。印度哪些地区比中国更强大?(6)人才与教育国际化。印度的国际人才交流比中国多。由于印度英语的普及和高等教育机构使用的英语教学语言，印度大学生可以成功地获得世界科技发展的重要信息，也可以促进印度学生与国际精英学校的交流。

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