China's ultra-high voltage transmission lines now breaking all records.

中国的特高压输电线路如今持续刷新各项纪录。

Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current (UHVDC) electricity transmission ought to be the stuff of pure science fiction. More than a million volts carrying the equivalent of 12 large power stations worth of power down a single line? Such a feat should be unthinkable. But it's here right now. Today. And since it's installation 3 years ago, it has delivered more than 300 BILLION kilowatt hours of electricity from wind and solar farms in the North West of China to the industrial centres 3000km away in the East. Now China is building another 2700km UHVDC line from the Tiban plateau to the Guangdong - Hong Kong -Macau region. And it's planning another 10 lines by 2050. So can the West ever hope to compete with such ambition?

特高压直流输电本应只存在于科幻作品中，单条线路输送电压超百万伏，输电功率堪比12座大型电站，这样的壮举简直令人难以想象，但如今已成为现实。三年前投运的特高压线路，已将中国西北部风光电站产生的电力输送至3000公里外的东部工业中心，累计输送电量超3000亿千瓦时。

目前中国正修建另一条全长2700公里的特高压直流线路，连接青藏高原与粤港澳大湾区，还计划到2050年前再新建10条特高压线路。如此雄心壮志，西方真的有望与之抗衡吗？

以下是各国网友的评论：

Virgil_Solozzo1923
But you see China has made a massive blunder. Instead of building state of the art infrastructure and enriching themselves, they could instead be embroiled in random foreign wars in the middle east and Venezuela, and also give huge amounts of money to Israel like a slave, have they considered this?

你看中国这步棋大错特错。放着建顶尖基建、让自己富裕起来的正事不干，非要去中东和委内瑞拉卷入无端的对外战争，还给以色列大把撒钱，这些他们难道没想过吗

after_midnight9592
Good points showing once again why country has to be run by engineers, not lawyers.

说得太有道理，这再次证明国家就该由工程师来治理，而非律师

timothyrussell4445
I read an article today in the Sunday Times about how China is a major threat for spying on the West to steal our technology. If anything, it must be trying to find out why we're lagging so far behind.

我今天在《星期日泰晤士报》看到一篇文章，说他们中国人监视西方、窃取技术，是重大威胁。要我说，中国恐怕是想搞清楚，我们为什么会落后这么多吧

patrick247two
This is what we built. The HVDC Inter-Island link is a 610 km (380 mi) long, 1200 MW high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system connecting the electricity networks of the North Island and South Island of New Zealand together. It is commonly referred to as the Cook Strait cable in the media and in press releases,[1] although the link is much longer than its Cook Strait section. The link is owned and operated by state-owned transmission company Transpower New Zealand. (wikipedia)Built in 1965.

这是我们建的工程。新西兰岛际高压直流输电线路全长610公里，输电功率1200兆瓦，把南北二岛的电网连在了一起。媒体和新闻稿里常叫它库克海峡电缆，其实线路全长远不止库克海峡那一段。这条线路由新西兰国有输电公司电力传输公司所有并运营，1965年建成的，资料来自维基百科

dinn666
350 kV, but that's pretty good for 1965. I think the general concern is the West was great at building stuff 50 years ago, but has somehow lost that capability.

电压350千伏，在1965年已经很厉害了。大家普遍觉得，西方50年前特别能搞建设，现在不知怎么就没这能力了

xjdisuehd
Imagine UHVDC transmission lines spanning from East Coast to West Coast, from northern states to the Sunbelt states. When the East Coast sun is setting, West Coast solar can help kee lights running on solar till later. East Coast solar can help power the rising curve in the morning on the West Coast. Northern states can power up the Sunbelt states with their wind resources and Sunbelt states can power up and even heat the northern states with their solar. All of this, no need to pollute the atmosphere with fossil fuels.

试想一下，要是美国东西海岸、北方各州到阳光地带都架起特高压直流线路会怎样。东海岸日落时，西海岸的太阳能还能继续供电，让灯光亮更久；早上西海岸用电高峰时，东海岸的太阳能又能支援。北方各州可以用风能给阳光地带供电，阳光地带则能用太阳能给北方供电，甚至供暖。全程不用烧化石燃料，不会污染大气

gunsumwong3948
It would be very difficult to have UHV transmission lines in the US because the grid is owned by a lot of companies. Just doing upgrading is a huge challenge because each is trying to minimize one's own input at the expense maxmizing others input. The grid companies are holding the country at ransom. If you want a higher capacity the government has to put money in but the asset is mine! In the last 25 years US has been transmitting electricity of around 4,000TWh using virtually the same grid.

美国很难建特高压线路，因为电网归好多家公司所有。光是电网升级就难如登天，每家都想自己少投入，逼着别人多掏钱。这些电网公司简直是在要挟国家，要提升输电容量可以，政府得掏钱，但资产归我。过去25年，美国输电总量一直维持在4000太瓦时左右，用的基本还是老电网

ab-tf5fl
I've imagined it. There are tons of reasons why this isn't happening anytime soon, but they're all related to human factors (land ownership, laws, politics), rather than actual physics.

我也设想过，但短期内根本不可能实现，原因有很多，都和人为因素有关，比如土地所有权、法规、政治，和技术层面一点关系都没有

TheCyberSurfer69
That's because the USA is owned by Big Fossil Fuel.

美国早就被化石燃料巨头把控了

DavidLaFerney
While here in the USA we scoff at renewables, experts and higher education. It’s downright depressing.

反观美国这边，我们嘲笑可再生能源、嘲笑专家、嘲笑高等教育，实在让人郁闷透顶

adrianflower3230
We are, as a species, currently trying to "negotiate with physics" using the tools of "politics and economics," and the 2025 climate data suggests that physics is wng the negotiation. Happy Christmas Dave, thank you for all your hard work

人类现在用政治和经济手段，去和自然规律讨价还价。2025年的气候数据显示，自然规律赢定了。圣诞快乐，谢谢你的辛勤付出

W7ENK
I'm guessing you're completely unaware of the exsting UHVDC Pacific intertie from Celilo (John Day Dam on the Columbia River in Oregon) to the Los Angeles basin. Built in 1970, and upgraded in 1985, it's basically a 1.120M VDC extension cord from the hydro-dominant Bonneville Power Administration's network of generating assets to exclusively power the city of Los Angeles, 1,361km away. It was the first, and therefore the oldest large-scale, commercially significant UHVDC project in the United States.

估计你压根不知道，美国早就有一条太平洋特高压直流联络线了，从俄勒冈州哥伦比亚河上的约翰迪大坝锡利洛电站，一直通到洛杉矶盆地。1970年建成，1985年升级，电压112万伏，相当于一根超长延长线，把以水电为主的邦纳维尔电力局旗下电站的电，专门送往1361公里外的洛杉矶。这是美国第一个、也是最古老的大型商用特高压直流项目

Fred-hi8tt
This elderly American looks forward to your interesting videos. Happy holidays.

我是一位美国老人，特别喜欢看你的精彩内容，节日快乐

jasonbelanger7525
Keep up the brilliant work, been subscribed for years. I'd love to see a power-loss comparison between above-ground power lines through the air and buried, insulated lines that aren't in danger of getting hit by cars or blown over by the increasingly violent weather. Cheers!

做得太棒了，关注你好多年了。想看看架空输电线路和地下绝缘电缆的损耗对比，地下电缆不会被车撞，也不会被越来越极端的天气刮倒

howardsimpson489
NZ installed a 500Kv DC cable under Cook Strait in 1965. The mercury rectifiers of the time have been replaced by solid state. The cables have been replaced in the early nineties with higher voltage and capacity, these are due for renewal again before 2030. The system carries power in either direction and has been very reliable.

新西兰1965年就在库克海峡底下铺了500千伏直流电缆，当时用的水银整流器早就换成了固态设备。90年代初换过一次电缆，提升了电压和容量，2030年前还得再换一次。这个系统能双向输电，一直都很稳定可靠

karlstathakis7786
Every renewable-energy advance is good news — but for established grids, I’m not convinced massive battery installations won’t make this obsolete via load shifting. Back in mid-2024, LFP cells at $56/kWh was big news .. now CATL is saying their sodium ion cells are as low as $19/kWh. By 2030, who knows where we’ll be? With prices like that, it’ll become cheaper to shift load rather than design the grid to handle peak generation/consumption events.

可再生能源每一次进步都是好消息，但对于现有电网，我觉得大规模储能电池靠移峰填谷，说不定会让特高压变得过时。2024年年中，磷酸铁锂电池每千瓦时56美元还是大新闻，现在宁德时代说他们的钠离子电池最低只要19美元每千瓦时。到2030年，还不知道会降到多少。价格这么低的话，与其改造电网应对发电用电高峰，不如搞移峰填谷更划算

broddr
And iron oxde batteries are even cheaper, and commercial-sized test deployments are happening now.

氧化铁电池更便宜，现在已经在做商用规模的试点部署了

MrGordonchase
An idea for your hoodie competition. Can you do a deeper dive into the progress on graphene batteries for electric vehicles and other storage devices. AI tells me that the first graphene aluminium ion batteries are now with car companies for evaluation. These are not just lithium batteries with graphene enhancement, but are batteries with no lithium in them at all. I believe the company Graphene Manufacturing Group, based in Queensland, Australia is the leading company on this subject. I am a Brit living in Maryland and have been a long time subscriber to your excellent channel.

给你的卫衣活动提个选题：能不能深入讲讲电动车和其他储能设备用的石墨烯电池最新进展。人工智能告诉我，首款石墨烯铝离子电池已经送车企测试了，这可不是加了石墨烯的锂电池，而是完全不含锂的全新电池。我觉得澳大利亚昆士兰州的石墨烯制造集团是这个领域的龙头企业。我是住在马里兰州的英国人，关注你的优质频道好多年了

grabthatautoV
I'd love some more in-depth explanations of how data centers are getting powered currently. I know a lot of them are diesel generators unfortunately.

想了解数据中心目前的供电方式，求详细科普。我知道很多数据中心都靠柴油发电机供电，太可惜了

PieterHeine
In Noord-Holland, the Netherlands, the gouverment plans a 380kV line to the north over about 80km, and the sh*t hits the fan over here. Quite the contrast.

荷兰北荷兰省计划修一条80公里左右的380千伏线路通往北部，结果这边彻底炸开了锅，和中国比起来反差太大了

masterquadbiker
China is like 15 years ahead of the rest of the world, no way anyone is catching up.

中国差不多领先全球15年，没人能追得上

soheiladam7510
15 years?! more like 50 or more depending on the country.

15年？那得看是哪个国家，有的国家被中国领先50年都不止

Anonymou
China is 100 years ahead of India.

中国领先印度100年

Moorakflyer
In Australia we often hear our electricity suppliers bemoaning the problems in the difficulty they have of maintaining smooth voltage control which is affected by the very increase in renewable energy ( mainly photovoltaic) across the grid. They currently restrict the input to the grid by only allowing 5Kwh from single phase homes and 15 from 3 phase. Its a very large in grid in Oz! Have you or are you aware of how the world energy suppliers are planning to mange this. Topic? Good luck with 800K

澳大利亚的供电方总在抱怨，电网里可再生能源尤其是光伏发电占比越来越高，导致电压稳定控制变得很难。现在他们限制并网功率，单相电住宅最多只允许并入5千瓦，三相电的是15千瓦。澳大利亚的电网规模很大的！你有没有了解过，全球供电方打算怎么解决这个问题？能做一期选题吗？恭喜你粉丝破80万

peterverheij3708
I'm travelling Vietnam with my family and am amazed by the amount of highly polluting scooters populations the streets of Hanoi and other big cities, contributing to an enormous amount of air pollution. I would really appreciate an episode about the electrification of these immense fleets of scooters and if / how China is leeding the way even in this development.

我和家人在越南旅行，河内和其他大城市的街上全是高污染摩托车，数量多得吓人，造成了严重空气污染。特别希望你做一期节目，讲讲这么多摩托车的电动化进程，还有中国在这方面是否起到了引领作用，又是怎么引领的

jodywho6696
I'm living in a camper on my own land, off grid. I started with solar panels, a generator, and batteries deep cycle. Now the camper has fallen apart, they are designed to. But, I realized I don't need much. Living in same camper van with only the engine battery. A solar dash panel, a Mr heater, battery lights. I will eventually upgrade it all. Living with just a cooler, with a 40 mile store trip is getting old. But I believe we don't need as much as we are lead to believe. Wind Solar on a personal level could be a solution. Tastefully.

我住在自家土地上的露营车里，完全离网生活。一开始装了太阳能板、发电机和深循环电池，现在露营车坏了，本来就是易耗品。但我发现自己需要的东西其实很少，现在还住这辆车，只靠车载电瓶供电，配了一块仪表台太阳能板、一个便携取暖器和电池灯。以后肯定会升级设备，现在只靠冰桶保鲜，买次东西要跑40英里，确实有点折腾。但我觉得，我们需要的东西远没有别人灌输的那么多。个人层面利用风能太阳能，就是不错的解决办法，还能做得既实用又美观

niconico3907
China has energy ressources in the west: lot of water and height in tibet for hydro energy, lot of flat space and sun for solar energy, lot of empty space and wind for wind turbines. All this very far away from the major cities in the East. It makes sense to build very long, very high power UHVDC power lines. In Europe, the renewable energy ressources are more evenly distributed and closer to cities, less than the 600km limit for UHCDC lines. It makes more sense to produce the energy closer to the consumers and use the exsting HVAC lines.

中国西部能源资源丰富：西 藏地区水资源充沛、地势落差大，适合建水电；大片平坦土地光照充足，适合搞光伏；广阔闲置区域风力强劲，适合装风机。这些能源产地都离东部大城市很远，修建超长距离、超大功率的特高压直流线路完全合理。欧洲的可再生能源分布更均匀，且离城市更近，距离普遍低于特高压直流线路600公里的经济临界点，在靠近用户端发电，用现有的交流输电线路更划算

nicktw8688
China is run by engineers. Hopefully they also attempt reforestation while they're at it. Desertification is still a huge issue.

中国是工程师治国，希望他们在搞建设的同时也推进植树造林，土地荒漠化现在还是大问题

nicktw8688
China is 20-30 years ahead of everyone else on the planet. This is the China Century.

中国领先全球各国20到30年，本世纪就是中国的世纪

obviousimp8767
read an article a few days ago about a high temprature heat pump developed in china, that can already reach 200-300°C and their goal is to bring it well over 1000°C and use it for industrial purposes

前几天看到一篇报道，中国研发出了高温热泵，目前温度能达到200到300摄氏度，他们的目标是突破1000摄氏度，用于工业生产

niconico3907
You talked about HVDC lines in air, what about undersea or underground cables? What is the lenght at which it is cheaper to install HVDC power lines and converter stations?

你讲了架空高压直流线路，那海底和地下电缆呢？修建高压直流线路加换流站，到多少公里时成本才更划算

robinbennett5994
IIRC HVDC is more important underwater, as the water around the cable adds capacitance, which saps AC power. There are underwater HVDC interconnectors under 200 miles long.

我记得高压直流在水下更关键，因为电缆周围的水会增加电容，损耗交流电能。目前已有不到200英里的海底高压直流互联线路

roberthoople
We spent all our time and energy on denigrating and insulting China. China spent all their time and energy on re-inventing the future.

我们把所有时间精力都用来诋毁抹黑中国，而中国则把所有时间精力都用来重塑未来

tybrady4598
In the United States, the highest voltage transmission lines we have are 765 kilovolts AC. At least several years ago, that was the case. I didn’t know DC could be sent such long distances.

美国现有的输电线路最高电压是765千伏交流，至少几年前还是这样。我之前都不知道直流电能传这么远

AndyFyon
Important option for Canada related to an east-west energy corridor.

对加拿大来说，这是建设东西部能源走廊的重要方案

chrisvinden9446
Just for perspective... the nordstream pipeline could transport 70 gigawatts , and did so continuously until it was blown up. That dwarfs hvdc lines. Nordstream 2 would have doubled that. And it had ultracheap long term energy storage at both ends that costs 1 fiftieth of storing energy as electricity.

客观说一句，北溪管道的输能量能达到70吉瓦，被炸之前一直在稳定输送，这规模让高压直流线路都相形见绌。北溪二号原本能把运力翻倍，而且管道两端还有超低成本的长效储能，成本只有电能储能的五十分之一

kerryjlynch1
I worked in the US electric utility industry for 40 years, as an engineer, project manager, and consultant. It was gratifying to see the transition to renewables I dreamed of at university start taking hold. BUT, the vested interests drove me nuts. The money-is-our god players make it really difficult to do what's clearly the best for the most people & the environment.

我在美国电力行业干了40年，做过工程师、项目经理，也当过顾问。看到大学里就憧憬的可再生能源转型终于落地，心里特别欣慰。但既得利益集团真的让人抓狂，那些一切向钱看的家伙，让明明对多数人和环境最有利的事，变得举步维艰

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