150亿美元的起重机垄断，中国的三台全球功率最强的履带式起重机

The $15 Billion Crane Monopoly: How China Conquered Heavy Lifting

150亿美元的起重机垄断：中国如何攻克重型吊装领域

The world's three most powerful crawler cranes—machines capable of lifting thousands of tons, the equivalent of multiple Boeing 747 jumbo jets—all share one undeniable fact: they're Chinese. The Sany SCC36000TM (3,600 tons), XCMG XGC88000 (4,000 tons), and Sany SCC45000A (4,500 tons) represent a staggering industrial transformation that shifted global super-heavy lifting dominance from a century of Western control to Chinese supremacy in less than two decades.

全球功率最强的三台履带式起重机 —— 这类能吊起数千吨重量（相当于多架波音 747 大型客机）的机械，都有着一个无可否认的事实：它们均为中国制造。三一重工的 SCC36000TM（额定起重量 3600 吨）、徐工机械的 XGC88000（额定起重量 4000 吨）以及三一重工的 SCC45000A（额定起重量 4500 吨），标志着一场惊人的产业变革 —— 在不到 20 年的时间里，全球超重型吊装领域的主导权从西方长达一个世纪的掌控，转向了中国主导

This documentary investigates the forensic HOW: China's 2000s nuclear and petrochemical boom created modular construction demands requiring cranes that could lift 2,000-ton prefabricated reactor vessels intact, but foreign Liebherr/Manitowoc dependency created bottlenecks. Five-year state plans designated super-heavy lift as "key enabling technology," allocating $2.1 billion for R&D with decade-long investment horizons Western shareholders wouldn't accept. Vertical integration cut costs 25% while Chinese manufacturers logged 500+ test hours in months versus Western years—XCMG's XGC88000 hoisted 200,000+ tons across 26 projects. Belt & Road strategy deployed 847 Chinese cranes across 67 countries supporting $127 billion infrastructure, creating captive markets where Chinese financing equals Chinese equipment contracts.

21 世纪 00 年代，中国核电与石化产业的蓬勃发展催生了模块化建造需求，需要能完整吊起 2000 吨预制反应堆压力容器的起重机，但对利勃海尔（Liebherr）、马尼托瓦克（Manitowoc）等外国品牌的依赖造成了瓶颈。国家五年规划将超重型吊装技术列为 “关键支撑技术”，研发投入 21 亿美元，且设定了西方股东难以接受的十年期投资周期。垂直整合策略降低了 25% 的成本，同时中国制造商仅用数月就完成了 500 多小时的测试，而西方企业完成同等测试需数年时间 —— 仅徐工 XGC88000 就已在 26 个项目中累计吊起超 20 万吨重物。“一带一路” 倡议推动 847 台中国起重机进入 67 个国家，为 1270 亿美元的基础设施项目提供支持，形成了 “中国融资配套中国设备合同” 的专属市场。

以下是各国网友的评论：

ConstructionLegends
The engineering behind these mega cranes represents decades of innovation, failure analysis, and incremental improvement—from Big Blue's tragic lessons in 1999 to today's triple-redundant safety systems.

这些巨型起重机背后的工程技术，凝聚了数十年的创新、故障分析与逐步改进。从1999年“蓝色巨人”起重机事故的惨痛教训，到如今的三重冗余安全系统，一路走来不断进步。

CraneMasters99
China really said “go big or go home”!

中国这思路，简直是“要么做到极致，要么干脆不做”！

ConstructionLegends
Exactly! That 4,500-ton capacity is absolutely wild - and they're already planning a 5,000-ton hydrogen model for 2027!

太对了！4500吨的起重量已经够夸张了，而且他们已经在规划2027年推出5000吨级的氢能源动力机型了！

PahatRout
A generation ago, still working in port operations, one would never imagine that China would ever build any heavy-lift equipment. Many of their ships then were mostly 2nd hand with aging cranes usually operating at half capacity. Within a generation, they had practically overwhelmed the rest of the world's competitors in this sector. ZPMC to-day seems undefeatable in this sector but only the Longshoremen Union in the US ports could defeat it!

几十年前我还在港口工作的时候，从来没想过中国能造出重型吊装设备。那时候中国的很多船都是二手的，上面的起重机也老化了，通常只能发挥一半的运力。结果短短几十年，他们在这个领域几乎碾压了全球其他竞争对手。现在的振华重工（ZPMC）在这个领域好像没人能打得过，也就美国港口的码头工人联合会能对它造成影响！

David_Lloyd-Jones
So you'd never head of the, ahem, great Great Wall of China?

这么说你从没听说过宏伟的中国长城？

ConstructionLegends
Incredible firsthand perspective! That transformation from second-hand ships to ZPMC dominance mirrors exactly what happened with these mega-cranes. The speed of industrial evolution is remarkable - your port experience adds real credibility to this story. What specific changes did you witness in equipment quality over those years?

这第一手视角太有说服力了！从依赖二手船只到振华重工占据主导地位，这种转变和巨型起重机领域的发展简直如出一辙。工业发展的速度太惊人了，你的港口工作经历让这个故事更具可信度。这些年里，你看到设备质量方面有哪些具体的变化？

ConstructionLegends
true - but what's remarkable here is compressing centuries of gradual development into a 15-year industrial transformation that redefined global mega-lifting capability

说的对，但值得关注的是，中国把原本需要几个世纪的逐步发展，压缩到了15年的工业变革中，而且还重新定义了全球巨型吊装的能力。

devinheiner5692
If it’s any consolation, we’re throwing all our power plants in the garbage too

要是能让你心里好受点的话，我们（美国）也在把所有发电厂都当垃圾一样扔掉呢。

Robo_au-j9o
saves building the lift cranes , win win , yet they talk of massive power hungry Data centres across US , something doesnt add upp

这样一来就不用造起重机了，双赢啊。可他们又说要在美国各地建大量耗电的数据中心，这事根本说不通。

ConstructionLegends
Ha! The irony is real - China's building 50+ new reactors while these cranes place the vessels. Engineering marches on regardless of energy policy debates!

哈！这反差也太真实了——中国正在建50多座新核反应堆，而这些起重机就是用来吊装反应堆容器的。不管能源政策怎么争论，工程技术的发展从来没停过！

Whohah-s2p
China builds America destroys us upon a time it also use to build

中国在建设，美国在破坏。想当年，美国也曾经是个搞建设的国家啊。

ConstructionLegends
You're absolutely right that America has an incredible history of building! The US pioneered heavy equipment with innovators like Benjamin Holt (Caterpillar) and companies like American Hoist & Derrick that dominated the industry for decades. The Interstate Highway System era showed what American manufacturing could achieve at massive scale. What's fascinating is that the US crane market is still growing—projected to reach $8.6 billion by 2033—but the shift happened in the super-heavy crawler category specifically. Companies like Link-Belt and Manitowoc still manufacture excellent cranes, and there's strong demand for 75-100 ton truck cranes and automation technology. The difference is that when China needed 3,000+ ton crawlers for their nuclear program, they invested $2.1 billion over 15 years with patient state capital, while Western firms had to justify every model to quarterly earnings reports. America still builds plenty—it's just that the superheavy lifting crown changed hands in this specific niche.

你说得太对了，美国确实有辉煌的建设历史！美国曾是重型设备领域的开拓者，像本杰明·霍尔特这样的创新者，还有美国葫芦与起重机公司这类企业，都在这个行业主导了数十年。州际公路系统建设的时代，更是展现了美国制造业的实力。有意思的是，美国起重机市场还在增长，预计到2033年规模能达到86亿美元，但变化主要发生在超重型履带式起重机这个细分领域。林克-贝尔特、马尼托瓦克这类公司依然在生产优质起重机，而且75到100吨级的汽车起重机和自动化技术的需求也很大。关键区别在于，当中国需要3000吨级以上的履带式起重机用于核电项目时，他们能用有耐心的国家资金，在15年里投入21亿美元；而西方企业每推出一款机型，都要向季度财报负责。美国现在依然在搞建设，只是在超重型吊装这个特定领域，主导权换了人而已。

David_Lloyd-Jones
Cynicism is the wisdom of the dolt. Errors are learning opportunities -- and chances to contribute, often to be rewarded -- for the sensible.

对明智的人来说，错误是学习的机会，也是做出贡献的契机，往往还能获得回报。

antwango
THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOURE FORCED TO INNOVATE AND BUILD AND SURVIVE ON YOUR OWN! Plenty of videos about Chinas BESPOKE Bridge building spanning crawler thing! Tunnel boring machine! The robotic millipede walker thing!?? I dont even know if there are proper names for these Tools / contraptions / machinery!? Their multi - wheeled omni directional transporter thing! These things can MOVE entire buildings 2 meters to the left or right or 15 meters down the road! China can reorientate whole cities 5 degrees north AFTER theyve built the damn cities! Its like having CTRL ALT DEL in real life! Thats FLEBILITY! Robustness! China WILL BE THE ONLY ONES that will be able to build MASSIVE STRUCTURES & PROJECTS BECAUSE theyve invested time money resources trial and error into well.... BUILDING BIG! HAVING BIG IDEAS!

当你被逼着只能靠自己创新、建设、求生存时，就会有这样的成果！有很多中国特制设备，比如架桥用的跨径履带设备、隧道掘进机，还有像机器千足虫一样的行走设备！我甚至都不知道这些工具、装置、机械有没有正式名字！还有他们那种多轮全向运输车！这些设备能把整栋楼往左或往右移2米，或者移到15米外的路边！中国甚至能在建好整座城市后，把它往北转5度！这简直就像在现实生活中按了“Ctrl+Alt+Del”（强制刷新）一样！这就是灵活性！这就是耐用性！中国会成为唯一有能力建造超大型建筑和项目的国家，他们投入了时间、资金、资源，不断试错，说到底就是——敢建大项目！敢有大想法！

Robo_au-j9o
innovation innovation , when theres nothing else left to copy

所谓的创新创新，不过是没别的东西可抄了才做的。

Robo_au-j9o
the multi wheel things ,SPMTs Self Propelled Modular Trailers / Transporters , previously Dutch Mammoets domain

那种多轮设备，叫SPMT，也就是自行式模块化运输车，以前这是荷兰玛姆特公司的地盘。

ConstructionLegends
Exactly! That bridge-building SLJ900 and those SPMTs are incredible engineering - moving entire buildings like CTRL+X is wild. Would love to cover those tunnel boring machines and modular transport systems

太对了！那台架桥用的SLJ900型设备，还有那些SPMT，都是超厉害的工程技术——把整栋楼像按“Ctrl+X”（剪切）一样移动，简直太疯狂了。我们很想接下来探讨隧道掘进机和模块化运输系统。

robertwang7825
From shipbuilding, ever longer span bridges, highways speed rail , EVs , automated ports and factories, precision tooling , material science, 6G communications, drones , robotics, consumer electronics, nuclear reactors, solar , reforestation, wind , batteries, digital payments, face recognition, smart gadgets , self driving ….. China is really pushing the envelope. Even EU wants technology transfer when discussing a trade deal with China.

从造船、大跨度桥梁、公路高铁，到电动汽车、自动化港口和工厂、精密模具、材料科学、6G通信、无人机、机器人、消费电子、核反应堆、太阳能、植树造林、风能、电池、数字支付、人脸识别、智能设备、自动驾驶……中国确实在不断突破极限。就连欧盟在和中国谈贸易协定时，都希望能获得技术转移。

ConstructionLegends
The integration across industries is remarkable - that feedback loop from shipbuilding to cranes to automated ports creates serious competitive advantages. The engineering pace in heavy infrastructure especially has been incredible to document

跨行业的整合能力太惊人了——从造船到起重机，再到自动化港口，这种良性循环形成了巨大的竞争优势。尤其是在重型基础设施领域，工程技术的发展速度，记录下来都让人觉得不可思议。

Robo_au-j9o
$15bn is not a lot ,the countetweights are worth that alone, The big girls cost $100/$200m per unit The operator training is an industry on its own

150亿美元根本不算多，光配重块本身就值这个价了。那些“大家伙”一台就要1亿到2亿美元，而且操作员培训本身就成了一个独立的行业。

ConstructionLegends
Great point - the $15B is just the combined market cap for these three models. Individual unit costs are massive, and you're right that operator training has become its own ecosystem - 12,000+ certified since 2020!

说得太对了——150亿美元只是这三款机型的总市值。单台设备的成本就很高，而且你说得没错，操作员培训已经形成了一个独立的体系，2020年以来已经有1.2万多人获得了资质认证！

ConstructionLegends
The engineering transformation has been incredible to witness!

能见证这场工程技术变革，真的太不可思议了！

arhnam
that's why the US said the Chinese crane are national security issue ! what a looser

所以美国才会说中国起重机涉及国家安全！真是个失败者。

ujakFester
I hope the export of these machines to the USA and other western countries is banned

我希望能禁止向美国和其他西方国家出口这类设备。

jevonescobar3023
They copied everything they have. Liebherr. Grove. Manitowac. Demag. Nothing original

他们所有的东西都是抄来的，抄利勃海尔、格罗夫、马尼托瓦克、德玛格，没一样是原创的。

hylimm
Copied? No, they improved n built in high tech features at considerable cost saving

抄的？才不是。他们是在原有基础上做了改进，还加入了高科技功能，同时大幅降低了成本。

GoldenGlobe-t9v
No they made it better

不对，他们是把设备做得更好了。

harysastra
that's what a loser always says

失败者才总说这种话。

twogenders
Just like how you copied Mathematic, Algebra, surgery, medicine, paper, printing, navigation, tea, spices

就像你们西方抄了数学、代数、外科手术、医学、造纸术、印刷术、航海技术、茶叶、香料一样。

antwango
YEAH AND WHERE ARE YOUR BIG INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS!!!? Where are you using these big ideas!!!? And what do you call DJI, 5G, 6G, Tiktok!? Grindr you stole!! A gay app! If its so easy to copy then maybe you should be afraid!

是啊，那你们的大型基础设施项目在哪儿呢！？你们的那些“大想法”用在哪儿了！？还有，大疆、5G、6G、抖音，这些你们怎么说！？你们还抄了Grindr呢！那个同性恋社交软件！要是抄这么容易，那你们或许该害怕才对！

jevonescobar3023
@GoldenGlobe-t9v the majority of accidents you see are their cranes and those operator. But okay

你看到的起重机事故，大部分都是他们中国的设备和操作员造成的。不过随便你怎么说吧。

leonmeung863
After the end of World War II, the United States stole atomic bomb technology and missile technology from Germany, obtained the live experiment data of Unit 731 which killed thousands of Chinese , and when the Soviet Union collapsed, stole the Yak vertical take-off and landing aircraft data from Russia. The ancient Arabs copied gunpowder and papermaking from China. Even the original data of Watt's steam engine were actually recorded in the Yongle Encyclopedia of the Ming Dynasty in China. Westerners stole and copied them.

二战结束后，美国从德国偷走了原子弹技术和导弹技术，还获取了日本731部队的活体实验数据。苏联解体时，美国又从俄罗斯偷走了雅克系列垂直起降飞机的数据。古代阿拉伯人从中国抄了火药和造纸术。就连瓦特蒸汽机的原始数据，其实都记载在中国明代的《永乐大典》里，是西方人偷过去抄的。

Jab7581
The only reason China has cranes like these is because they have copied liebherrs technology and other European crane manufacturers because China copies most European vehicles.

中国能造出这样的起重机，唯一的原因就是抄了利勃海尔和其他欧洲起重机制造商的技术，毕竟中国抄了大部分欧洲交通工具的技术。

Introspection-01
Cope harder.. get a grip on reality kid

你就继续嘴硬，认清现实吧，孩子。

charliezwl
Would you complain if China copy US practice: import or export with China using own currency.

要是中国学美国的做法，和中国做进出口贸易时用本国货币结算，你们会抱怨吗？