Exclusive interview with NDB President Dilma Rousseff

新开发银行行长迪尔玛·罗塞夫独家专访

The New Development Bank (NDB) was established in 2014 by the BRICS nations to support infrastructure and sustainable development projects in emerging economies. Headquartered in Shanghai, the bank aims to expand its global partnerships and promote a multipolar financial system.

新开发银行（NDB）由金砖国家于2014年成立，旨在支持新兴经济体的基础设施建设和可持续发展项目。这家银行总部位于上海，目标是拓展全球合作伙伴关系，并推动构建一个多极化的金融体系。

On April 29, 2025, the New Development Bank welcomed a distinguished guest, Chinese President at its headquarters in the expo park of Shanghai's Pudong New Area. He was greeted by Dilma Rousseff along with the bank's four vice presidents and staff. The New Development Bank is the first multilateral development institution initiated and led by emerging markets and develo countries. In July 2014, while attending the sixth BRICS summit in Brazil, President together with then Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and other BRICS leaders decided to establish the New Development Bank headquartered in Shanghai, China.

In 2023, she was elected president of the New Development Bank. In March this year, she was reelected for a new term.

2025年4月29日，新开发银行迎来了一位尊贵的客人，中国来到位于上海浦东新区世博园区的新开发银行总部。迪尔玛·罗塞夫与银行的四位副行长以及工作人员迎接了他。新开发银行是首个由新兴市场和发展中国家发起并主导的多边开发机构。2014年7月，中国在出席于巴西举行的第六届金砖国家峰会期间，与当时的巴西总统迪尔玛·罗塞夫以及其他金砖国家领导人共同决定成立新开发银行，总部设在中国上海。

2023年，她当选为新开发银行行长。今年3月，她再次当选，开始新的任期。

What do you think are the main achievements of the bank in the past decade?

您认为银行在过去十年的主要成就是什么呢？

The NDB was created with a clear mandate, to mobilize resources to finance infrastructure, finance sustainable development, the energy transition in emerging markets in develo countries and also finance what? To support quality development in the BRICS countries, incorporating much of what China has done, for example, incorporating the need to have quality industrialization, to incorporate technology and innovation in all areas of society. So, there is also a characteristic that I think is very, very important. We do not require, as many multilateral banks do, we do not impose conditionality. We accept the agenda and demand of the countries. All member countries participate on an equal footing. We, among us, do not have a member country that controls the institution and determines the institution, what the institution does, as happens in some institutions that emerged from Bretton Woods, in which the United States controls the institution and defines its conditions. We do not have a veto mechanism within the bank, among the partners. And our financing mechanisms are recognized for their flexbility and respect. We respect what countries want. The NDB also offers innovative financial conditions. We adopt financing in local currencies, which helps to reduce exchange rate risk and strengthen the financial stability of projects, mainly because it protects us against variations in the international market, interest rates and exchange rates. The bank has become an emblematic achievement of the cooperation mechanism. It reflects the spirit of the BRICS, the spirit and vision of our leaders and the spirit and partnership that is needed between all countries in the world. So far we have approved around more or less and in total we have approved 120 projects, worth 40 billion dollars. Well, in general terms, we think that the development and the way in which China has been evolving is a kind of flag and proof that all countries in the world can develop. So we are very, very interested in this process, which is the analysis of China's development conditions. And we also want to greatly expand our reach. And then we see our members expanding, right? Today, the NDB, in addition to the five founders, which are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, we have Egypt, Bangladesh and the United Arab Emirates. And, in addition, we are going to incorporate more members and two have already joined, which are Algeria and Uruguay.

新开发银行创立时就有明确的使命，那就是调动资源，为基础设施建设提供资金，为可持续发展、发展中国家和新兴市场的能源转型提供资金，同时还为哪些方面提供资金呢？支持金砖国家的高质量发展，借鉴了很多中国的经验，比如说，认识到需要实现高质量的工业化，将科技和创新融入社会的各个领域。

所以，还有一个我认为非常、非常重要的特点。我们不像许多多边银行那样，我们不施加条件限制。我们接受各国的议程和需求。所有成员国都平等参与。在我们这里，没有一个成员国能够控制这个机构并决定它的运作方式，不像一些源自布雷顿森林体系的机构，在那些机构中美国控制着机构并设定其条件。

在银行内部，我们的合作伙伴之间没有否决机制。而且我们的融资机制以灵活性和尊重著称。我们尊重各国的需求。新开发银行还提供创新的金融条件。我们采用本币融资，这有助于降低汇率风险，增强项目的金融稳定性，主要是因为这样可以让我们免受国际市场利率和汇率波动的影响。这家银行已成为合作机制的标志性成就。

它体现了金砖国家的精神，体现了我们各国领导人的精神和愿景，也体现了世界各国之间所需的合作精神。到目前为止，我们总共批准了大约120个项目，价值400亿美元左右。总的来说，我们认为中国的发展以及发展的方式就像是一面旗帜，也证明了世界上所有国家都能够实现发展。

所以我们对这一进程非常、非常感兴趣，也就是对中国发展条件的分析。我们也希望极大地扩大我们的影响力。然后我们看到我们的成员在不断增加，对吧？

如今，新开发银行除了五个创始成员国巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非之外，还有埃及、孟加拉国和阿拉伯联合酋长国。

此外，我们还将吸纳更多成员，目前已经有两个国家加入了，即阿尔及利亚和乌拉圭。

In July you will start a new term as president. What are your thoughts on the future plans and vision?

7月您将开始新的行长任期。对于未来的计划和愿景，您有什么想法呢？

Look, I was recently elected, as you said, for a new term as president of the BRICS, which is a profound honor for me. Over the next 5 years, the bank will continue to advance its founding vision. We now have 17 proposals for the entry of new countries. Above all, we will improve our capacity and efficiency to fulfill our mandate, which is to increase financing resources. We will continue to invest in digital infrastructure. Digitalization and the digital economy are a condition for this. And here in China we have an example, right, that I think is essential to incorporate, which is the fact that there was recently an international communication that in terms of artificial intelligence, [a certain example] showed that it is possible. It is possible, using an already exsting technology, to create and surpass a new technology, especially because they had blocked the chips in the hope that China would not advance artificial intelligence. And we have this example of [example], which is an inspiring example for the entire global south. And we, I think that in realizing this vision of President as NDB being a family is important because in a family you see this, everyone gives their part according to their possibilities. I believe, okay, that this efficient partnership is our standard, our characteristic.

你看，正如你所说，我最近再次当选为金砖国家新开发银行行长，开始新的任期，这对我来说是一项无上的荣誉。在接下来的5年里，银行将继续推进其创立时的愿景。我们现在收到了17个新国家的加入申请。最重要的是，我们将提升自身能力和效率，以履行我们的使命，也就是增加融资资源。

我们将继续对数字基础设施进行投资。数字化和数字经济是实现这一目标的必要条件。在中国，我们有一个很好的范例，对吧，我认为这是必须借鉴的，最近有一个国际消息表明，在人工智能方面，[某个例子]显示这是可行的。利用现有的技术，创造并超越一项新技术是可行的，尤其是因为他们曾封锁芯片，希望中国在人工智能领域无法取得进展。

而我们有这样的范例，这对整个全球南方国家来说都是一个鼓舞人心的例子。而且我认为，实现中国　主席提出的新开发银行是一个大家庭的愿景非常重要，因为在一个家庭中就是这样，每个人都根据自己的能力贡献力量。我相信，这种高效的合作就是我们的标准，我们的特点。

If new countries get rid of the US dollar, they may face hundreds of tariffs as punishment. So what countermeasures will be taken?

如果新的国家摆脱美元，可能会面临数百项关税作为惩罚。那么将采取什么应对措施呢？

Look, I believe that this trade war is the biggest mistake that anyone, any country, can make. This trade war, in which you take a stance and put all the countries in the world according to a criterion that is not very clear, with a financial mathematical equation that also does not match all the countries, and put them under great pressure on tariffs. I think what scared the world was the fact that even small islands were subject to absurd taxes, even small islands, some of which were even uninhabited. So it's something that we can't, we can't accept this calmly. So what I think is that the goals for which they did this are not goals that are achievable. I think they're hurting themselves, because those tariffs in April, right, those big ones, they provoked, I think, a first basic issue. They are responsible for something the United States has been accusing others of doing. They are responsible for de-dollarization. Secondly, I believe that the issue of debt, of debt, no, the issue of the current account deficit in the United States, that is, the fact that the United States has a deficit, okay, in the trade balance, is not due to tariffs. It is an issue that is intrinsic to the fact that it is the controller of the hegemonic currency, the finance minister of the government, Valerries Cardestan, called it an exorbitant privilege, which was the fact of the dollar. The hegemonic currency means that it has to guarantee, it has to guarantee access to everyone who pays with dollars, they have to guarantee dollars. How do they guarantee it? They guarantee by becoming deficit, because there is a, let's say, a prize for being deficit in the commercial area, that without cost, without interest, without anything, people go and and and and deliver their reserves to the United States, right? Recycle their reserves, obviously paying a modest interest. What does this mean? That the United States can spend without restriction. Hence the huge debt, a current account deficit that it doesn't want and that it wants to clean up with tariffs. It didn't succeed the first time. I think it's unlikely it'll succeed a second time.

你看，我认为这场贸易战是任何一个国家都可能犯下的最大错误。在这场贸易战中，你采取一种立场，根据一个不太明确的标准，用一个也并不适用于所有国家的金融数学公式，把世界上所有国家都置于巨大的关税压力之下。我认为让世界感到震惊的是，就连一些小岛国都要缴纳荒谬的税款，甚至是一些无人居住的小岛。所以这是我们无法平静接受的事情。

所以我认为，他们打这场贸易战的目标是无法实现的。我觉得他们这是在伤害自己，因为4月份的那些关税，那些高额关税，引发了，我认为，第一个基本问题。他们正在做美国一直指责其他国家做的事情。他们才是导致去美元化的原因。其次，我认为债务问题，美国的经常账户赤字问题，也就是说，美国在贸易平衡方面存在赤字，这并不是关税造成的。

这是一个内在问题，因为美国是霸权货币的掌控者，美国政府的财政部长瓦莱丽·卡德斯坦称其为“过分的特权”，这就是美元的现状。霸权货币意味着它必须保证，必须保证所有用美元支付的人都能获得美元，他们必须提供美元。他们是如何保证的呢？他们通过出现赤字来保证，因为可以说，在贸易领域出现赤字是有“好处”的，人们会无偿、无利息地把自己的储备交给美国，对吧？

当然会支付一点微薄的利息来让这些储备资金回流。这意味着什么呢？这意味着美国可以无限制地消费。这就是为什么会出现巨额债务，出现它既不想要又想用关税来解决的经常账户赤字。第一次用关税解决赤字就没有成功。我认为第二次也不太可能成功。

What should we do?

那我们该怎么办呢？

More than avoiding it, we have to condemn and fight against the law of the jungle as the standard of international relations. Today we live in a very difficult era, marked by a setback in globalization, in which protectionism and exchange rate volatility, geopolitical tensions and fragmentation, above all, the fragmentation of production chains, threaten the stability of emerging economies and develo countries. In this scenario, countries of the global south have a historic responsibility to strengthen their collaboration to safeguard their common interests and build common paths for development. We are, perhaps, facing the most aggressive movement of unilateralism ever seen in international relations. This process did not start now. For some time now, the world has witnessed the adoption of technological embargoes, the increasingly frequent use of sanctions, uh, financial sanctions, I'm talking about the use of the dollar as a weapon of war against economic warfare and also together with military warfare, right, and explicit attempts to deglobalize the world economy, not to mention what they did regarding the containment of China. What we see now is the extreme intensification of this movement and in a particularly aggressive way. Unilateralism represents a dangerous setback. He who thinks he is strong is trying to bring the world to its knees. This is not something that combines a vision of justice, of respect for the law, right, and of respect for international law.

我们不仅要避免这种情况，还必须谴责并反对将弱肉强食的法则作为国际关系的准则。如今，我们生活在一个非常艰难的时代，其特点是全球化出现倒退，保护主义、汇率波动、地缘政治紧张局势以及碎片化，尤其是生产链的碎片化，威胁着新兴经济体和发展中国家的稳定。在这种情况下，全球南方国家肩负着历史责任，要加强合作，维护共同利益，构建共同的发展道路。我们或许正面临着国际关系中前所未有的最具攻击性的单边主义行动。这个过程不是现在才开始的。

一段时间以来，世界目睹了技术禁运的实施，制裁手段越来越频繁地使用金融制裁，我是说把美元当作战争武器来进行经济战，还与军事行动相结合，对吧，以及明显的使世界经济去全球化的企图，更不用说他们对中国的遏制行动了。我们现在看到的是这种单边主义行动的极端强化，而且方式特别具有攻击性。单边主义代表着一种危险的倒退。那些自认为强大的国家试图让世界屈服。这与公正的愿景、对法律的尊重，以及对国际法的尊重是不相符的。

以下是各国网友的评论：

dannykwan7834
Roussef is the right person towards a multipolar banking order

罗塞夫是推动建立多极化银行秩序的合适人选。

ricardopontes7177
For foreigners, this woman is tough. She has fought Brazilian pro-west military junta and remained strong when was put off by a coup

在外国人看来，这位女性很坚毅。她曾与巴西亲西方的军政府作斗争，并且在遭遇政变下台时依然坚强。

marlongoncalvesdias502
My president Dilma.
Thank's from Brazil.

我的总统迪尔玛。

来自巴西的感谢。

LucasBustamante1
Dilma guerreira do povo Brasileiro! O fascismo está tomando conta de Europa e EUA. NDB mais importante do que nunca!

迪尔玛，巴西人民的女战士！法西斯主义正在掌控欧洲和美国。新开发银行比以往任何时候都更加重要！

abakabucafe
minha presidenta.

我的总统。

WillyRuiz-z3n
Saludos desde Monterrey, Méxco, a La. Brillante Economista DILMA ROUSSEFF.

来自墨西哥蒙特雷的问候，向杰出的经济学家迪尔玛·罗塞夫致敬。

paulo57575
I'm brazilian and I'm really proud for Dilma and BRICS

我是巴西人，我真的为迪尔玛和金砖国家感到骄傲。

davidbosak7503
You have a lot to be proud of. President Dilma is awesome!

你们有很多值得骄傲的地方。迪尔玛总统太棒了！

theheatinferno8420
I'm American, and I want to escape to Brazil

我是美国人，我想逃到巴西去。

flaviapaiva2676
The greatest woman in the world!

世界上最伟大的女人！

matogrosso555
NDB has an excellent president! Well chosen.

新开发银行有一位非常出色的行长！选得好。

rodolfopierola7899
Buenas noches hermanos de CGTN, gracias por la informacion actual. Saludo a la Presidenta del Banco BRICS: Dilma Rouseff. Atte. Rodolfo Pierola Ergueta Presidente del Consejo Internacional de Residentes Bolivianos en el Exterior.

中央广播电视总台的兄弟们，晚上好，感谢你们提供的最新消息。向金砖国家银行行长迪尔玛·罗塞夫致敬。此致。罗多尔福·皮耶罗拉·埃尔格塔，玻利维亚海外居民国际委员会主席。

maniaouri2146
Congratulation, a great leap to the future of multipolar new world where peace and prosperity prevails, not warmongering and distructive proxy wars

恭喜，这是迈向多极化新世界未来的伟大飞跃，在这个新世界里，和平与繁荣占主导，而不是战争贩子和破坏性的代理人战争。

brassen
"Não há primavera com uma só flor, mas sim com o desabrochar de todas as flores do jardim"
Viva o B

一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园

金砖国家万岁！

d.n.r.1726
Thank you chinese Fellows! Together we can, and will, create a new order!
May the Dragon Rise, shng as the Sun of a new age!

谢谢中国的伙伴们！我们能够而且必将一起创造一个新秩序！

愿巨龙腾飞，如新时代的太阳般闪耀！

davisho3638
AMAZING CHINA.THE WORLD SUPER POWER COUNTRY

了不起的中国。世界超级大国。

RosanaRezende-c2k
Coração valente: eterna presidenta Dilma!

勇敢的心：永远的总统迪尔玛！

miralvamaia5432
Viva Dilma Rousseff

迪尔玛·罗塞夫万岁！

rloscostacox
Brazil mentioned! go Dilmother go!

提到巴西了！加油，迪尔玛妈妈，加油！

joaoalbuquerque9650
Parabéns A Presidente Do BRICS Dilma Rousseff Defensora da Democracia e do Desenvolvimento Econômico Do BRASIL e do Mundo Inteiro

祝贺金砖国家行长迪尔玛·罗塞夫，她是巴西乃至全世界民诸和经济发展的捍卫者。

rodrigo_dmatoss
Guerreira do povo brasileiro

巴西人民的女战士。

EricOelsen
Tenho muito orgulho da nossa querida presidenta Dilma Rousseff.

我为我们敬爱的总统迪尔玛·罗塞夫感到非常骄傲。

OpheliaPG
I wish NDB and Dilma Rousseff all the best!

我祝愿新开发银行和迪尔玛·罗塞夫一切顺利！

toyoale
Uma vergonha nossa midia brasileira não estar dando destaque ao cargo tão importante exercido pela querida presidenta Dilma Roussef, de um banco liderado pela China, país que é nada menos que o centro mundial das inovações científicas, tecnológicas e sociais

我们巴西的媒体没有突出报道亲爱的迪尔玛·罗塞夫总统在由中国领导的银行中担任的如此重要的职位，这真是一件令人羞愧的事。当今中国可是当之无愧的世界科学、技术和社会创新中心。

sergiosergio9789
Dona de toda minha fé...Deus te guie Dilma.

您是我完全信任的人。愿上帝指引你，迪尔玛。

fatimaleal53
Eu tenho muito orgulho da Presidenta Dilma Roussef. Ela é uma pessoa muito trabalhadora,digna e honesta

我为迪尔玛·罗塞夫总统感到非常骄傲。她是一个非常勤劳、值得尊敬且诚实的人。

DarthAcina-r3x
No you are not at the begng why are you damp?

不，你一开始可不是这样的，你为什么现在的状态这么差呢？

erwienhindarto6058
Here, retailers usually like to pit wholesalers against each other, their goal is to get the lowest possible price, so sometimes I have to be careful.

售商通常喜欢让批发商们相互竞争，他们的目的是尽可能拿到最低的价格，所以有时候我得小心点。

LucianaRamosM
Estamos com muitas dificuldades com os bancos municipais inexstentes no Brasil como podemos reconstrui-los com a ajuda da China? A própria Suiça está com dificuldade para estruturar os bancos cantonais. Como podemos fazer no Brasil?

我们巴西面临着很多问题，市政银行都不存在了。我们要怎样在中国的帮助下重建这些银行呢？就连瑞士在构建州立银行体系时也遇到了困难。我们巴西该怎么做呢？

TheKaizenWay-ca
I thought she was corrupted, may be they just rinsed her, I don't know.

我原以为她腐败了，也许他们只是给她洗清了嫌疑，我也不清楚。

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