What makes China and India so different on develo? China is so advanced while India is still fighting for bringing electricity to people.

中国和印度在发展上出现了这么大的差距，原因何在？中国现在已经这么发达了，可印度还没办法给民众提供足够的电力。

以下是Quora网友的评论：

Dr. Balaji Viswanathan

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What did China do differently than India to become such a behemoth, economically? Can India ever be as developed as China?

在经济上，中国与印度有什么不同之处，竟能发展成这样一个庞然大物？印度能像中国一样发达吗？

First, I don’t buy the notion that de ocracy is a great impediment for India. India’s non-neighbors don’t fare better than India. Pakistan is a smaller replica of India, with the same history, a slightly better irrigation and more homogeneity, but has never done substantially better.

首先，我认为皿煮对印度来说绝不是什么巨大的障碍。印度周边国家并不比印度好。巴基斯坦是印度的缩小版，有着同样的历史，灌溉条件比印度稍好，同质性也更高，但巴基斯坦从来都不如印度。

In the same way, China’s peer group of Confucian countries that are dem acies perform even better than China. Finally, China was a country from 1940s, but only since the 1980s did it beat India in economy. Thus, whatever the difference was, it was not really the political system.

那些采用了制度、但和中国一样深受儒家思想影响的国家，经济表现比中国更亮眼。新中国在20世纪40年代成立，但直到20世纪80年代才在经济上击败印度。因此，无论中国和印度有什么不同，原因都不在制度上。

The first key factor was the drastic reduction of births in a very short time. With the one-child rule, there were millions of women forced into abortion and the sudden lack of children gave a once a lifetime bonus. For a couple of decades, the workers bulged and were not burdened with children. As that generation retires, China is facing a big prospect of a demographic disaster [a smaller version of Japan’s] and drop GDP growth rates.

第一个关键因素是中国的出生率在很短的时间内急剧下降。在独生子女政策下，数以百万计的妇女被迫堕胎，而孩子少给了她们一生的红利。在接下来的几十年里，工人们可以摆脱孩子的负担。但随着这一代人的退休，中国开始面临人口灾难(日本就是前车之鉴)和GDP增长率下降的忧虑。

Look at this chart below to see China’s dramatic change in demographics and how their working age population ratio rapidly shot up. But, anything that went up must come down. The curve below mimics the GDP growth curves.

通过下面的图表我们可以看到中国人口结构的巨大变化，以及劳动年龄人口比例如何迅速上升。但有起就有落，下面的曲线就预测了GDP增长曲线。

India is controlling the birth rates too, but at a much smaller rate. The two countries are now seeing their favorable labour demographics intersect and thus India is getting an upper edge in growth now.

印度也在控制出生率，但控制力度要小得多。这两个国家现在见证了劳动力人口结构的交汇，印度在增长中占据了优势。

The second key factor is that China was more keen to open up key sectors such as retail, textiles and manufacturing. Walmart and other western companies entered China decades ago, while India is still dragging the foot.

India allowed foreign companies only in select industries — such as software — and those industries performed very well and provide good jobs even today. But, in industries that deal with the masses, India has kept the cards too close to the chest and has prevented the poor from enjoying globalisation that the middle class enjoys.

第二个关键因素是，中国更重视零售、纺织和制造业等关键行业。沃尔玛和其他西方公司几十年前就进入了中国，但印度至今还远远落后。

印度只允许外国公司进入某些特定行业—比如软件行业—这些行业的表现非常好，长期提供了很好的就业机会。但是，对那些与大众打交道的行业，印度把牌抓得太紧，使得穷人无法分享中产阶级享受的全球化成果。

The third key factor is that China’s neighbors had a fantastic growth in the 1960s-70s, forcing the leadership out of their stupor. As Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Singapore shot up, the Party cannot give poor excuses for not growing. China rapidly traded with its prosperous neighbors. Other than the EU and USA, China’s top trading partners are its neighbors.

第三个关键因素是，中国的邻国在上世纪60 -70年代实现了惊人的增长，中国的领导人决心不再浑浑噩噩。日本、韩国、中国台湾和新加坡的高速发展，无法为经济停滞找借口。中国迅速和发达的邻国展开贸易。除了欧盟和美国，中国最大的贸易伙伴就是各个邻国。

India never got the urgency. India’s neighbors were even worse than India. While China started growing the previous couple of decades and brought the leadership out of the stupor, that neighbor is still quite far away in terms of economy, culture and language. India’s trade with the neighbors thus is quite poor. Unlike China, India has no developed country to call as its neighbor.

但印度就从来没有意识到这种紧迫性。印度的邻国甚至还不如印度。中国在过去几十年里开始迎头赶上，但邻国印度在经济、文化和语言方面仍然相当落后。所以印度和邻国的贸易十分糟糕。和中国不同的是，印度的邻国里没有发达国家。

Paruchuri S Prasad

China has a thirteen years lead in development over India. In fact, in 1978, China was behind India in terms of PPP. This means that China has an even bigger lead as of today maybe 15–20 years.

中国的发展至少领先印度13年。事实上，1978年时中国在购买力平价方面仍落后于印度。这意味着中国现在的领先优势更大，可能已达15-20年。

The reason for this difference is the process of liberalization. China decided to open up its economy in 1978. On the other had, the 70s and 80s were the lost decades for India. Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi to a lesser extent, did not release the Indian economy from the shackle of the License Raj. These two decades was the time when many Asian economies such as S.Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hongkong, the Asian Tigers, roared. China followed suit in 1978 but India remained a shut door till 1991.

造成这种差异的原因是开放市场。中国在1978年决定改革开放。而70年代和80年代是印度失去的年代。英迪拉·甘地和她的儿子拉吉夫·甘地并没有把印度经济从许可证的枷锁中解放出来。这二十年是韩国、新加坡、中国台湾和香港等亚洲四小龙蓬勃发展的时期。1978年起中国大陆也开始紧随其后，但印度直到1991年才放开市场。

In retrospect, Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi should be blamed for the late start of economic reforms in India. The situation was so bad that by 1990, India was standing on the brink of international bankruptcy. The then PM, Chandra Sekhar has to pawn India’s gold to get a loan from the IMF to service the balance of payment. It was only in 1991 that with the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, with P V Narasimha Rao, a rank outsider, becoming the PM of India that economic reforms and liberalization were set in motion. However, by that time, China was already well on its way to becoming a prosperous country, lifting millions of its countrymen out of poverty.

回想起来，英迪拉·甘地和她的儿子拉吉夫·甘地应该为印度经济改革的姗姗来迟而负责。印度经济状况十万火急，1990年甚至已处于破产的边缘。当时的总理钱德拉·塞卡不得不典当印度的储备黄金，向国际货币基金组织申请贷款，偿还国际收支。直到1991年，随着拉吉夫•甘地被暗杀，纳拉辛哈•拉奥上台成为印度总理，这才拉开了印度经济改革和自由化的序幕。但那个时候，中国已经走上了国家繁荣昌盛的发展道路，数百万中国人摆脱了贫困。

Jitendra Chaudhary

I read all the answers, but sadly no indians understand what India offer that Chinese won't. India is free de ocratic nation. Most common Indian citizen has right to say, right to act, he is equal in front of law which Chinese not even dream to think.

Why India and China are different ??? India is like a painting of piccaso; a free modern art whereas China is art piece of Michel Angelo.

And painting of India is still in progress.

我翻看了所有的答案，但遗憾的是，没有哪个印度人说清楚印度拥有哪些中国人没有的东西。印度是自由国家，大多数普通印度公民都有发言权、行动权，印度人在法律面前都是平等的，而这正是他们做梦都不敢想的。

为什么印度和中国不一样？印度就像毕加索的一幅画；体现了自由无羁的现代艺术，而中国则像是米开朗基罗的艺术作品。

印度的画作仍未完成。

Jiangjunling

India is slow because of Indian de ocracy;

Democracy has become the excuse for everything in India, good or bad, everything is borne by de ocracy;

Just shout de ocracy every day and indians will be happy!

印度发展缓慢是因为印度的制度；

这已经成为印度一切症结的借口，不管是好是坏，一切都归咎于皿煮；

只要每天喊上几声，印度人就会开心！

Kancheepuram Narasimhan

ONE and only one reason:

China has only one party. India has hundred. In the dirty Tamil Nadu itself, there are 30 political parties. Opposition to any project- be it new atomic plant, neutrino research station, new port, airport, Gas extraction. In Kerala, and TN , every day Bandh ( total closure of offices, factories) has become common. ( over what? today 18 Oct there is bandh in Kerala for admitting women in Ayyappa temple ????).

Such things are NOT possible in China. Such things never happen in Singapore.

原因只有一个：

中国只有一个政党，而印度有100个。在泰米尔纳德邦就有30个政党。这些政党反对一切项目—无论是新核电站，中微子研究站，新港口，新机场，天然气提取等等。在喀拉拉邦和泰米尔纳德邦，停工早已见怪不怪(办公室和工厂完全关闭)。(为什么停工？今天是10月18日，喀拉拉邦进行停工，抗议妇女进入寺庙？？？？)。

这样的事情在中国是不可能发生的。这种事情在新加坡也从未发生过。

Krishna Kumar Subramanian

Different cameras, different snapshots.

China started its reforms in 1979; India started in 1990.

China had sustained economic growth for a much longer period of time than India.

If India continues its present rate of economic growth for another ten years, it will be close to where China is today.

And don’t extrapolate China’s growth ten years forward; population size also has an effect on growth.

不同的相机，不同的快照。

中国从1979年开始改革开放；印度在1990年才开始。

中国经济持续增长的时间比印度长得多。

如果印度将目前的经济增长速度再保持10年，就可以接近中国今天的水平。

不要预测中国未来十年的增长；人口规模对增长也会产生有影响。

Rajabalaji Kamal

Its because the policies of Chinese administration are far better than the Indian policies. There is no link for ideology difference between .  Indian policies must get upgraded and I am sure India could be at par with the world. So there is no link for ideology or politics over here. Further China opened its economy 13 years earlier and India will soon catch up with the world countries.

这是因为中国的政策比印度政府的政策好得多，和意识形态没有关系。

印度的政策必须升级，我相信印度可以与世界接轨。所以这和意识形态或政治无关。

还有一点，中国的改革开放比印度早了13年，印度很快就会赶上世界各国。

Dr. Atul Singhai

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What is the biggest difference between China and India?

As an Indian who lived in china for a while , I have personally observed some similarities and differences in these two cultures. I’ll try to put forward some major one’s here….Without any bias.

中国和印度最大的不同是什么？

作为一个在中国生活过一段时间的印度人，我个人观察到了这两种文化的一些相似和不同之处。我会试着列举一些....不带任何偏见。

The Biggest difference that we all probably know is -The Government !!

我们可能都知道，最大的区别在于各自政府！！

Most important difference that is to be considered is of economy, indeed both countries are fastest growing economies of the world and are in top ten still,

. Even though the GDP Growth rates were quite closer i.e 6.68%(India) and 6.90%(China).

Among Asian countries, China and India together contribute more than half of Asia's GDP. China Quite a bit ahead in exports and export commodities while India is lesser to half in employment rates.

最重要的不同之处在于经济，没错，两国都是世界上增长最快的经济体，一直排在全球前十。尽管GDP增长率非常接近：6.68%(印度)和6.90%(中国)。在亚洲国家中，中印两国的GDP总额占到亚洲的一半以上。中国在出口和大宗商品出口方面遥遥领先，而印度的就业率则不到50%。

There are certain challenges they have to overcome. Ruined politics, corruption, and poverty are biggest hurdles in the way of development of India; there are still some great targets India needs to achieve and not just GDP.

他们必须克服某些挑战。破败的政局、腐败和贫困是印度发展道路上的最大障碍；印度还需要实现一些伟大的目标，而不仅仅是GDP。